Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Autacoids
125. Ans. (b) Indomethacin (Ref: KDT 6/e p206)
NSAIDs except aspirin are the agents of choice for the treatment of acute gout.
126. Ans. (c) Diarrhea (Ref: KDT 6/e p206)
127. Ans. (d) Allopurinol (Ref: KDT 6/e p205, 209)
128. Ans. (c) Acute gouty arthritis (Ref: KDT 6/e p209)
Allopurinol is contra-indicated in acute gout. Rarely it can be used in kala azar patients.
129. Ans. (b) Increasing urate oxidation (Ref: Goodman & Gilman 11/e p710)
Rasburicase and pegloticase are recombinant urate oxidase enzymes that convert insoluble uric acid to soluble allantoin.
130. Ans. (b) Infliximab (Ref: KDT 6/e p205)
It is a TNF-a antagonist that plays no role in osteoarthritis.
131. Ans. (d) Etanercept (Ref: KDT 6/e p205)
Infliximab and etanercept are TNF-αantagonists useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These are administered
by parenteral route. TNF-α antagonists can cause reactivation of latent tuberculosis.
132. Ans. (c) Leflunomide (Ref. : KK Sharma 2/e p378-379)
For details, see text.
133. Ans. (b) Penicillamine (Ref: KDT 6/e p204)
134. Ans. (d) Probenecid (Ref: KDT 6/e p207)
135. Ans. (d) Piroxicam (Ref: KDT 6/e p194, 206)
NSAIDs and colchicine are highly effective in acute attack of gout whereas allopurinol and sulfinpyrazone are used for
chronic gout. Furosemide causes hyperuricemia and should be avoided in patients with gout.
136. Ans. (c) 6-Mercaptopurine (Ref: KDT 6/e p209)
Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, which metabolises 6-MP and azathioprine, so dose of 6-MP is reduced to ¼-½ if
used along with allopurinol.
137. Ans. (b) Ampicillin (Ref: KDT 6/e p209)
Interactions of Probenecid
• It competitively blocks active transport of organic acids at all sites especially renal tubules. It inhibits excretion
of penicillin/ampicillin and increases its blood level.
• It also inhibits urinary excretion of cephalosporins, sulfonamides, methotrexate and indomethacin.
• It inhibits tubular secretion of nitrofurantoin.
• Salicylates, pyrazinamide and ethambutol inhibit uricosuric action of probenecid.
• It inhibits biliary excretion of rifampicin.
General Autacoids Pharmacology
138. Ans. (c) Allopurinol (Ref: KDT 6/e p742)
139. Ans. (c) 100 mg (Ref: KDT 6/e p204)
140. Ans. (a) Xanthine oxidase (Ref: KDT 6/e p208)
141. Ans. (a) Rheumatoid arthritis (Ref: KDT 6/e p204)
142. Ans. (a) Methotrexate (Ref: KDT 6/e p203)
143. Ans. (a) Diarrhea (Ref: KDT 6/e p206)
144. Ans. (a) Misoprostol (Ref: Katzung 11/e p1029)
Mobius syndrome is extremely rare congenital condition characterized by facial paralysis and inability to move the
laterally. It results due to paralysis of sixth and seventh cranial nerves. Important causes of this syndrome are:
• Birth trauma
• Use of misoprostol in mother during pregnancy
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