Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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Review of Pharmacology 203. Ans. (b) Propanolol; (d) Physostigmine (Ref: KDT 7/e p18-19) • Lipid soluble drugs can penetrate blood brain barriers (BBB). These include –– Levodopa –– Physostigmine –– Organophosphates • Streptomycin, neostigmine, hexamethonium, glycopyrrolate, dopamine cannot cross BBB. 204. Ans. (b) Quinine; (c) Chloroquine (Ref: KDT 6/e p908) • Primaquine is avoided during pregnancy, because fetus is G-6PD deficient; thereby can cause hemolysis. • Tetracyclines are contra-indicated in pregnancy and in children. • Sulfonamides (antifolate) are also contra-indicated in pregnancy. 205. Ans. (a) Antihistaminics; (b) Antithyroid drugs; (c) Penicillin; (d) Diazepam; (e) Antiepileptics (Ref: KDT 6/e p911-914) • Benzodiazepines cross placenta and are secreted in milk. • Antithyroid (e.g. carbimazole), antihistaminics, penicillin and antiepileptics are also secreted in milk. 206. Ans. (d) An antihypertensive with a plasma half life of 3 hours (See below) Sustained release formulations of a drug are used for the drugs having short duration of action requiring prolonged administration. General Pharmacology • PSVT is an acute condition and requires a short and fast acting drug. Adenosine is therefore, the drug of choice for this condition. • Option (b) describes a drug having long half life (24 hours). This drug need not be administered as sustained release preparation. • For a hypnotic drug, action required is brief i.e. to induce sleep. Therefore, it should not be given as a sustained release preparation. • Treatment of hypertension is life long. Drug with half life of 3 hours, needs to be administered several times a day, therefore sustained release oral dosage form is best utilized for this drug. 207. Ans. (c) Ion trapping of acidic drugs occur in pregnancy: (Ref: Goodman & Gilman 11/e p9-10) • Heparin and insulin are anticoagulant and antidiabetic drugs of choice, respectively, in pregnancy, because these have minimum entry across placenta. • Fetal plasma is slightly more acidic than that of mother (pH 7.0 as compared to 7.4 of mother), so ion trapping of basic drugs occur. • Placenta contain P-glycoprotein that can act as an efflux pump for drugs. • Placental transfer of most drugs is greater in late pregnancy than in early pregnancy because uterine circulation increases and trophoblastic layer becomes thinner as the pregnancy advances. 208. Ans. (c) Lithium (Ref: KDT 6/e p435) 209. Ans. (c) Renal clearance (Ref: Katzung 11/e p1039) 210. Ans. (a) Orphan drugs (Ref: KDT 6/e p6) 211. Ans. (b) Dopamine (Ref: KDT 6/e p415 212. Ans. (c) Radioactive isotopes (Ref: KDT 6/e p252) 213. Ans. (a) Glycopyrolate (Ref: KDT 6/e p110) 214. Ans. (b) Insulin (Ref: Katzung. 11/e p734) Answers of recent Questions asked by National Board 1. Ans (b) Allergic effect of the drug (Ref. KDT 7th/83) 2. Ans (b) Penicillin (Ref. KDT 7th/56) 3. Ans (a) Valproate (Ref. KDT 7th/26) 4. Ans (a) Enalapril (Ref. KDT 7th/502 5. Ans. (d) Physiological antagonism (Ref: KDT 7/e p58) 52 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
General Pharmacology 6. Ans. (b) b (Beta) receptor (Ref: KDT 7/e p46) 7. Ans. (b) Sequestered in tissues (Ref: KDT 7/e p18) 8. Ans. (b) Single compound (Ref: KDT 7/e p4) 9. Ans. (c) Corticosteroids (Ref: KDT 7/e p66) 10. Ans. (b) Post marketing surveillance (Ref: KDT 7/e p80) 11. Ans. (b) Enzyme inhibitor (Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p139) • Grapefruit juice contains furano cumarins and naringin that are cyp 3A4 inhibitors. 12. Ans. (b) Prostacycline-Thromboxane (Ref: KDT 7/e p58) 13. Ans. (b) Neostigmine (Ref: KDT 7/e p105) 14. Ans. (c) Safety (Ref: KDT 7/e p56) 15. Ans. (b) Schedule H (Ref: KDT 7/e p5) 16. Ans. (d) Metoclopramide (Ref: KDT 7/e p89) 17. Ans. (b) Insulin (Ref: KDT 7/e p49) • Nicotine acts on N M and N N receptors which are inotropic receptors. • Diazepam acts on GABA-BZD-CL channel complex that mediates entry of chloride. • Glibenclamide is a sulforylurea that acts on ACh sensitive K + channels. • Insulin acts on enzymatic receptors. 18. Ans. (d) Maximum response a drug can produce (Ref: KDT 7/e p54) 19. Ans. (a) Defect in development of long bones (Ref: KDT 7/e p89) 20. Ans. (c) Drug toxicity (Ref: KDT 7/e p80) 21. Ans. (a) Hydralazine (Ref: KDT 7/e p66) 22. Ans. (b) Rifampicin (Ref: KDT 7/e p326) 23. Ans. (c) Inverse agonist (Ref: KDT 7/e p42) 24. Ans. (a) Pharmacogenomics (Ref: KDT 7/e p65) 25. Ans. (d) Alcohol and theophylline (Ref: KDT 7/e p31) 26. Ans. (d) Body surface area (Ref: KDT 7/e p63) 27. Ans. (b) Metformin (Ref: KDT 7/e p34) 28. Ans. (a) Cimetidine (Ref: KDT 7/e p26) 29. Ans. (c) Corrosive acid poisoning (Ref: KDT 7/e p85) 30. Ans. (b) Nitrate induced headache (Ref: KDT 7/e p86) 31. Ans. (b) After a drug is marketed (Ref: KDT 7/e p80) 32. Ans. (a) Phenobarbitone (Ref: KDT 7/e p29) 33. Ans. (a) Propylthiouracil (Ref: KDT 7/e p89) 34. Ans. (c) Agonists and antagonists bind to the same receptor (Ref: KDT 7/e p39) 35. Ans. (b) Transdermal (Ref: KDT 7/e p6) 36. Ans. (c) That satisfy the priority health care needs of the population (Ref: KDT 7/e p4) 37. Ans. (a) Competitive inhibitor (Ref: KDT 7/e p39) 38. Ans. (a) Phase I of clinical trial (Ref: KDT 7/e p63) 39. Ans. (d) Drugs for rare disease (Ref: KDT 7/e p5) 40. Ans. (d) Digoxin poisoning (Ref: KDT 7/e p18) General Pharmacology 53 https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/
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Review of Pharmacology Ninth Editio
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Dedicated to My parents, wife Prave
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Preface to the Ninth Edition We wan
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Acknowledgments When emotions are p
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References • Harrison’s Princip
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Contents 1. History of Pharmacology
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1 History of pharmacology S
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 2 General Pharmacology Phar
Page 17 and 18: General Pharmacology Note: It is si
Page 19 and 20: General Pharmacology Drug metaboliz
Page 21 and 22: General Pharmacology Order of kinet
Page 23 and 24: General Pharmacology Therapeutic Dr
Page 25 and 26: General Pharmacology Fig. 2.4: G-pr
Page 27 and 28: General Pharmacology sigmoid shaped
Page 29 and 30: General Pharmacology Phase 1: Here,
Page 31 and 32: General Pharmacology 5. Essential m
Page 33 and 34: General Pharmacology (b) Bioavailab
Page 35 and 36: General Pharmacology (c) Are highly
Page 37 and 38: General Pharmacology (c) Strong aci
Page 39 and 40: General Pharmacology (a) 50 mg/hour
Page 41 and 42: General Pharmacology 140. Phamacoge
Page 43 and 44: General Pharmacology (c) Piroxicam
Page 45 and 46: 206. Which of the following drugs s
Page 47 and 48: General Pharmacology 29. In which t
Page 49 and 50: General Pharmacology Explanations 1
Page 51 and 52: General Pharmacology • Other fact
Page 53 and 54: General Pharmacology -- Suppose, 10
Page 55 and 56: General Pharmacology 77. Ans. (a) W
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Page 59 and 60: General Pharmacology 126. Ans. (c)
Page 61 and 62: General Pharmacology 154. Ans. (d)
Page 63: General Pharmacology Intolerance is
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 3 Autonomic Nervous System
Page 69 and 70: Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Page 71 and 72: Autonomic Nervous System • Carbac
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Page 75 and 76: Autonomic Nervous System -- Central
Page 77 and 78: Autonomic Nervous System • Theref
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Page 81 and 82: Autonomic Nervous System • Dopami
Page 83 and 84: Autonomic Nervous System • Phenox
Page 85 and 86: Autonomic Nervous System Lipid Inso
Page 87 and 88: Autonomic Nervous System Drug of Ch
Page 89 and 90: Multiple Choice Questions Autonomic
Page 91 and 92: Autonomic Nervous System (c) Organo
Page 93 and 94: (c) Physostigmime (d) Hyoscine hydr
Page 95 and 96: Autonomic Nervous System (c) Tropic
Page 97 and 98: 132. A drug that blocks the uptake
Page 99 and 100: 165. Clonidine is used for: (Kolkat
Page 101 and 102: as an effective substitute which do
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Page 111 and 112: Autonomic Nervous System - Temazepa
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Autonomic Nervous System have no ef
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Autonomic Nervous System 166. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System 194. Ans.
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Autonomic Nervous System 23. Ans. (
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CHAPTER 4 Autacoids These are the s
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Autacoids All second generation ant
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Autacoids v v v v v Calcium channel
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Autacoids nary bypass. It can also
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Autacoids to presence of sulfur con
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Autacoids Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheu
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Autacoids It is a monoclonal antibo
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Autacoids Drug of choice Condition
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15. Anti-vertigo drug which modulat
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49. Sumatriptan is: (DPG 1999, TN 2
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81. All of the following effects ar
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114. Which prostaglandin helps in c
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Autacoids 148. Which of the followi
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Autacoids 30. A 15 year old boy was
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Autacoids 16. Ans. (b) Dangerous ve
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Autacoids 56. Ans. (c) Cyclooxygena
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Autacoids 85. Ans. (b) Aspirin supp
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Autacoids 125. Ans. (b) Indomethaci
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Autacoids 13. Ans. (a) Naproxen (Re
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CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System CON
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Cardiovascular System In atrial fib
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System should be use
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Cardiovascular System tive α 1 blo
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Cardiovascular System nifedipine an
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Cardiovascular System Treatment of
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Cardiovascular System ANGINA PECTOR
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Cardiovascular System BETA BLOCKERS
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Cardiovascular System The action po
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Cardiovascular System depolarized c
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Cardiovascular System • Digoxin i
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Cardiovascular System Contd... •
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Cardiovascular System DRUG OF CHOIC
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15. Digoxin toxicity is aggravated
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(c) Treat digoxin toxicity (d) Rapi
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(c) Decreases sodium and increases
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Cardiovascular System 113. All of t
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146. Which of the following drugs i
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Cardiovascular System 180. Characte
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213. In a patient with hypertriglyc
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247. ACE inhibitors cause: (PGI Dec
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Cardiovascular System 16. Dialysis
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Cardiovascular System 53. Which of
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• Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP
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Cardiovascular System 43. Ans. (d)
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Cardiovascular System 81. Ans. (a)
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Cardiovascular System -- Hypertensi
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Cardiovascular System Cyanide has v
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Cardiovascular System 13. Ans (b) P
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CHAPTER 6 Kidney Diuretics Diuretic
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Kidney Uses Main use of loop diuret
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Kidney • Amiloride is more potent
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Kidney Amiloride It is the agent of
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Kidney Multiple Choice Questions di
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30. Which of the following statemen
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66. Advantage of desmopressin over
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Kidney Explanations 1. Ans. (b) Hyp
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16. Ans. (b) Bumetanide (Ref: KDT 6
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Kidney 55. Ans (d) V 4 : Central Ne
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CHAPTER 7 Endocrinology Hormones ar
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Endocrinology Prolactin It causes g
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Endocrinology • In the liver and
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Endocrinology I 131 can be used for
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Endocrinology Drug interactions •
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Endocrinology Lactic acidosis (more
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Endocrinology 3. amylin analogs Pra
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Endocrinology Important Points Maxi
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Endocrinology • Steroids with sel
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Endocrinology • Vitamin D 2 is er
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Endocrinology Denosumab Osteoclasts
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Endocrinology • SERMs are targete
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Endocrinology Contd... • Uliprist
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Endocrinology only pills. Chances o
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Endocrinology Pharmacokinetics Test
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Endocrinology Ergot Derivatives Erg
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Endocrinology Contd... • Hyperpro
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completion of therapy, the patient
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(c) Glucose (d) Starch 47. True abo
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(c) Na + exit/K + entry (d) K + ent
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Endocrinology 113. Which of the fol
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147. Bisphosphonates act by: (AI 20
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180. Women receiving estrogen thera
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(c) Clomiphene (d) Mifepristone (RU
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246. Mechanism of Calcitriol is: (R
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Endocrinology 32. Drug used to cont
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(b) Glimepiride (c) Repaglinide (d)
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Endocrinology Explanations 1. Ans.
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Endocrinology 24. Ans. (c) Propylth
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Endocrinology • When this drug is
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Endocrinology Hypoglycemia is cause
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Endocrinology Drugs causing Addison
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Endocrinology Raloxifene is a selec
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Endocrinology • Enzyme inducers l
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Endocrinology 197. Ans. (b) Blocks
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Endocrinology A spider angioma (als
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Endocrinology 4. Ans (c) Glaucoma (
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Endocrinology 70. Ans. (c) Mifepris
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NOTES _____________________________
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CHAPTER 8 Central Nervous System Se
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Central Nervous System It is admini
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Central Nervous System • Abnormal
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Central Nervous System useful in AD
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Central Nervous System Wilson’s D
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Central Nervous System Important Dr
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Central Nervous System • Lamotrig
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Central Nervous System play a role
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Central Nervous System According to
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Central Nervous System bulimia, pre
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Central Nervous System Anti Manic D
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Central Nervous System dependence,
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Central Nervous System increase hea
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Central Nervous System Actions •
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Central Nervous System Contd... •
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(c) Alkalization of the urine will
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Central Nervous System (c) Ketamine
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79. Drug of choice for myoclonic ep
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(c) Phenytoin (d) Valproic acid 112
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146. Which of the following antipsy
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(c) Regular measurements of blood c
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210. A patient Rajnish having depre
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242. Drug useful in malignant hyper
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279. Preferred drug for alcohol wit
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314. Morphine can administered by a
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(c) Analgesia (d) Mydriasis 348. Di
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17. Antiparkinson drug known to cau
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53. Which drug is the most useful i
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Central Nervous System 15. Ans. (c)
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Central Nervous System 39. Ans. (b)
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67. Ans. (a) Phenytoin (Ref: Katzun
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97. Ans. (a) Hepatitis (Ref: KDT 6/
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Central Nervous System 145. Ans (c)
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Central Nervous System 159. Ans. (d
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Central Nervous System 187. Ans. (b
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Central Nervous System 212. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 258. Ans. (a
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Central Nervous System 303. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 326. Ans. (c
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Central Nervous System 60. Ans. (a)
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CHAPTER 9 Anaesthesia Local Anaesth
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Anaesthesia trigeminal nerve, cervi
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Anaesthesia Centrally Acting Muscle
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Anaesthesia • These drugs release
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic MAC (% atm)
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Anaesthesia Methemoglobinemia and l
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Anaesthesia Chloroform • It is a
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Anaesthesia Contd... • It does no
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Anaesthesia Anaesthetic agents of c
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Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questio
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33. Post dural (Spinal) puncture he
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(b) Dantrolene (c) Succinylcholine
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103. Which of the following drugs a
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Anaesthesia 138. Thiopental sodium
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Anaesthesia Explanations 1. Ans (c)
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Anaesthesia 20. Ans. (d) Seizures a
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Anaesthesia 49. Ans. (b) Meprobamat
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Anaesthesia • The patient underwe
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Anaesthesia 91. Ans. (b) Sevofluran
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Anaesthesia • In pheochromocytoma
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CHAPTER 10 Hematology HAEMATINICS T
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Hematology • Deficiency of folic
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Hematology • Main drugs acting as
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Hematology 1. Oral Anticoagulants
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Hematology • Bioavailability of u
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Hematology • Rodenticides contain
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Hematology Condition • Anemia Dru
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(c) Erythropoietin (d) Filgrastim (
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Hematology 46. Tirofiban is a: (RJ
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80. The anticoagulant of choice in
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6. Mechanism of action of clopidogr
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Hematology Explanations 1. Ans. (c)
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Hematology 17. Ans. (d) Oprelvekin
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Hematology 51. Ans. (a) Dabigatran:
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Hematology 71. Ans. (c) Warfarin (R
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Hematology 106. Ans. (c) Streptokin
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CHAPTER 11 Respiratory System Cough
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Respiratory System fast acting also
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Respiratory System LT receptor anta
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Respiratory System Condition • Br
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17. The most prominent and dose rel
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Respiratory System 52. In theophyll
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Respiratory System Explanations 1.
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Respiratory System • Inhalational
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CHAPTER 12 Gastrointestinal Tract P
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Gastrointestinal Tract Contd... --
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Gastrointestinal Tract Anti Emetic
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Gastrointestinal Tract Domperidone
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Gastrointestinal Tract Oral Rehydra
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Gastrointestinal Tract Condition
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(c) Misoprostol (d) Omeprazole 15.
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49. The most effective antiemetic f
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Gastrointestinal Tract recent Quest
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Gastrointestinal Tract Explanations
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Gastrointestinal Tract 30. Ans. (b)
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Gastrointestinal Tract 1. EarlyPhas
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Gastrointestinal Tract 17. Ans. (c)
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CHAPTER 13 Chemotherapy A: General
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Chemotherapy A: General Considerati
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contd... Drugs Binds to Mechanism o
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Contd... Chemotherapy A: General Co
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Clinical Uses Chemotherapy A: Gener
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Important Points About Antimicrobia
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128. Ans. (b) Trovafloxacin (Goodma
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CHAPTER 14 Chemotherapy B: Antimicr
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Chemotherapy B: Antimicrobials for
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Clofazimine It is a dye with lepros
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Foscarnet It is not an antimetaboli
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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16. Bactericidal drugs in ATT are:
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50. Ethambutol should be used very
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120. Regarding ritonavir use in AID
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ACTs). All of the following combina
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ecent Questions asked by National B
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Explanations Chemotherapy B: Antimi
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25. Ans. (b) Ethionamide (Ref: KDT
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CHAPTER 15 Chemotherapy C: Antineop
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Chemotherapy C: Antineoplastic Drug
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4-5 years). Another distinguishing
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GnRH Antagonists Cetrorelix, ganire
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This drug was used in 1960s as a se
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Multiple Choice Questions Chemother
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37. Which of the following statemen
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CHAPTER 16 Immunomodulators IMMUNOS
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Immunomodulators 9. Antibodies Poly
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Immunomodulators Examples of each t
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Immunomodulators Clinical Diagnosis
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(b) Podophylline (c) Interferon (d)
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(c) Cytarabine (d) Cycloserine 51.
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Immunomodulators Explanations 1. An
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Immunomodulators 14. Ans. (a) Syste
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Immunomodulators 33. Ans. (a) Gluco
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CHAPTER 17 Other Topics and Adverse
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Co
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17. A 2 years old child without fev
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54. Isotretinoin is: (PGI June, 200
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects (c
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 39
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects 55
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Other Topics and Adverse Effects Dr
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CHAPTER 18 Drugs of Choice Drug of
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Drugs of Choice Contd... Hypertensi
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Contd... VRSA LINEZOLID/STREPTOGRAM
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CHAPTER 19 New Drugs 1. Abatacept:
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New Drugs 52. Canakinumab: A human
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New Drugs 100. Ecallantide: A plasm
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New Drugs 153. Laronidase: Recombin
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New Drugs 204. Peginesatide: A pept
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New Drugs been approved for the tre
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New Drugs and B lymphocytes after e
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New Drugs prevents nausea and vomit
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CHAPTER 20 Recent Topics TRICYCLIC
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Recent Topics 2. Drugs 5-HT 2 recep
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Recent Topics Arginine NOS NO + Cit
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Recent Topics Contd... Drug Tetracy
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Recent Topics -- If the patient has
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CHAPTER 21 Latest Papers AIIMS Nove
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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• Clindamycin and erythromycin ar
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Latest Papers AIIMS May 2014 1. Whi
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Latest Papers explanations 1. Ans.
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13. Ans. a. Hypokalemia (Ref: Harri
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NOTES _____________________________
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Image Based Questions https://kat.c
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Image Based Questions 1. The result
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5. A new antiarrhythmic drug is fou
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10. Amarnath, a 58 year old busines
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14. A 72-year-old male, Hemraj was
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(rapid vs slow induction of anesthe
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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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