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Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

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<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacology</strong><br />

4. Drugs Effecive Against Mrsa<br />

• Vancomycin • Teicoplanin • Oritavancin • Telavancin<br />

• Dalbavancin • Streptogramins • Linezolide • Daptomycin<br />

• Cotrimoxazole • Rifampicin • Tetracyclines<br />

Note: No β-lactam is effective against MRSA except 5th generation cephalosporins.<br />

5. Antimicrobials <strong>of</strong> Choice for Prophylaxis (Ref. Katzung 12th/912)<br />

Chemotherapy A: General Considerations and Non-specific...<br />

Cholera:<br />

Tetracycline<br />

Rheumatic fever:<br />

Benzathine penicillin<br />

Tuberculosis:<br />

Isoniazid alone or with rifampicin<br />

Meningococcal meningitis:<br />

Rifampicin/Cipr<strong>of</strong>loxacin/Ceftriaxone<br />

Gonorrhoea / Syphilis:<br />

Procaine Penicillin<br />

Rickettsial infections:<br />

Tetracyclines<br />

Malaria:<br />

Chloroquine/Mefloquine/Doxycycline<br />

Influenza A and B<br />

Osetamivir<br />

Surgical prophylaxis:<br />

Cefazolin<br />

Anthrax<br />

Cipr<strong>of</strong>loxacin/Doxycycline<br />

Diphtheria<br />

Penicillin/Erythromycin<br />

Endocarditis<br />

Amoxycillin/Clindamycin<br />

Herpes Simplex<br />

Acyclovir<br />

Group B streptococcal infection<br />

Ampicillin<br />

Hemophilus influenza type B<br />

Rifampicin<br />

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) Azithromycin/Clarithromycin/Rifabutin<br />

Otitis media<br />

Amoxicillin<br />

Pertussis<br />

Azithromycin<br />

Plague<br />

Tetracycline<br />

Pneumocystis jiroveci<br />

Cotrimoxazole/Dapsone/Atovaquone<br />

Toxoplasmosis<br />

Cotrimoxazole<br />

Urinary tract infections<br />

Cotrimoxazole<br />

6. Most Important Mechanism <strong>of</strong> Drug Resistance<br />

Beta lactams<br />

Inactivating enzyme (beta lactamase)<br />

Tetracyclines<br />

Efflux pump (decreased concentration in the cell)<br />

Chloramphenicol<br />

Inactivating enzyme (acetyl transferase)<br />

Aminoglycosides<br />

Inactivating enzyme<br />

Macrolides<br />

Decreased permeability or efflux pumps<br />

Sulfonamides<br />

Form large amount <strong>of</strong> PABA<br />

Decreased activity <strong>of</strong> folate synthase<br />

Fluoroquinolones<br />

Altered DNA gyrase with reduced affinity<br />

Note: Transfer <strong>of</strong> resistance against all antibiotics is plasmid mediated except fluoroquinolones (due<br />

to chromosomal mutation).<br />

534<br />

https://kat.cr/user/Blink99/

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