Review of Pharmacology - 9E (2015)

Other Topics and Adverse Effects
39. Ans. (b) Methicillin (Ref: Clinical Pharmacology and applied therapeutics by P.V. Rataboli/479, Harrison’s 15/e p426)
• Drugs causing aplastic anemia or bone marrow aplasia are:
Chloramphenicol Felbamate Phenylbutazone
Hydantoin Indomethacin Sulfonamides
Gold salts Chlorpromazine Zidovudine
Carbamazepine Penicillamine Zidovudine
Ticlopidine
40. Ans. (d) Indomethacin (See below)
41. Ans. (a) Loop diuretics (Ref: Katzung 10/e p244)
LOOP LOOSES CALCIUM. Loop diuretics cause hypocalcemia by more excretion whereas thiazides cause hypercalcemia
by decreasing its excretion.
42. Ans. (b) Antihistaminics, antidepressants (Ref: Goodman & Gilman 10/e p452)
• First generation antihistaminics cause sedation and anticholinergic side effects.
• Sedative action of TCAs appears immediately and these drugs (particularly clomipramine, maprotiline and
bupropion) lower the seizure threshold.
• Benzodiazepines are used as sedative drugs
43. Ans. (b) Severely reduced carbohydrate content (Ref: Harrison’s 17/e p470)
• Recent data suggests that very low carbohydrate “Atkins” style diets are more effective for short term weight loss
when compared with standard caloric restriction. However, these diets have not been shown to be effective in
maintaining weight loss.
44. Ans. (a) Antimicrobials; (c) Anticancer drugs; (e) Gold
• Drugs causing metallic taste:
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Antibiotics - Metronidazole
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Anticancers - Cisplatin, Dacarbazine
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Anti-arrhythmatics - Amiodarone, Adenosine
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Anti-diabetics-Phenformin
––
TCA-Nortryptiline
––
Anti-convulsants
––
Anti-thyroid drugs
––
Gold
45. Ans. (a) 5-Fluorouracil; (b) Methotrexate; (c) Paclitaxel; (e) Etoposide (Ref: Harrison 15/e p471-474)
• Drugs that frequently cause mucositis are
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Bleomycin – Actinomycin-D – Daunorubicin
––
Fluorouracil – Methotrexate – Paclitaxel
––
Mithramycin – Etoposide – Amasacrine
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Hydroxyurea – Cytosine arabinoside – Topotecan
46. Ans. (c) Amiodarone; (d) Bretylium (Ref: Harrison’s 17/e p1493)
• Drugs causing pericarditis
––
Procainamide – Hydralazine – Phenytoin
––
Isoniazid – Minoxidil – Anticoagulants
––
Methysergide – Minoxidil – Penicillins
47. Ans. (a) Enalapril; (c) Angiotensin receptor blocker (Ref: KDT 6/e p488)
• Both ACEIs and ARBs are contraindicated in pregnancy. They affect growth and development of fetus. ACEI cause
hypoplasia of organs specially Lungs and kidneys.
• Frusemide can be used in pregnancy. No such fetal anomalies mentioned.
• Phenytoin produces fetal hydantoin syndrome characterised by hypoplastic phalanges, cleft palate, hare lip and
microcephaly when used in pregnancy. (Ref: KDT 5/e p373)
48. Ans. (a) Amphotericin B; (b) Insulin; (d) Carbenoxolone (Ref: Harrison’s 16/e p259, 262)
• Drugs causing hypokalemia Hyperkalemia
––
Insulin – Digitalis toxicity
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β 2
adrenergic agonists – ACEI, ARB, NSAIDs
Other General Topics and Pharmacology
Adverse Effects
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