Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Groups of
householders
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
% of families
Total
% of land % of land land in
use
Horseless 22.9 15.6 5.5 14.5 3.1 11.2 1.5 85.8 4.0 1.7 0.5 3.8
With 1
horse 33.5 29.4 6.7 28.1 7.2 46.9 14.1 10.0 25.8 7.5 2.3 23.7
With 2 or
3 horses 36.4 42.6 9.6 43.8 40.5 77.4 50.4 3.0 49.3 13.3 4.6 51.7
With 4
and more 7.2 12.4 15.2 13.6 49.2 90.2 34.0 1.2 20.9 28.4 9.3 20.8
Total 100 100 8.6 100 100 52.8 100 100 100 9.8 3.2 100
From this we see that the general relations between the
groups are the same as those we have seen earlier (the concentration
of purchased and rented land in the hands of the wellto-do,
the transfer of the land to them from the poor peasants,
etc.). Quite similar, too, are the relations between
the groups as regards hired labour, “industries,” and “progressive
trends” in farming.
Groups of
householders
% of population,
both sexes
Allotment land per
household (dess.)
% of farms
with hired
workers
allotment
purchased
% of households
engaging
in industries
% of land renting
households
Improved implements
(Yelets Uyezd)
Horseless 0.2 59.6 0.7 0.01 0.1
With 1 horse 0.8 37.4 1.1 0.2 3.8
” 2 or 3 horses 4.9 32.2 2.6 3.5 42.7
” 4 and more 19.4 30.4 11.2 36.0 53.4
Total 3.5 39.9 2.3 2.2 100
And so, in Orel Gubernia also we see the differentiation of
the peasantry into two directly opposite types: on the one
hand, into a rural proletariat (abandonment of land and sale
of labour-power), and, on the other, into a peasant bourgeoisie
(purchase of land, renting on a considerable scale,
rented
leased out
commercial
& industrial
establishments
per 100 farms
as %
Implements
per 100 farms
per household
Animals (in terms
of cattle) per
household
% of total
implements
113
% of total animals