Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

402
V. I. LENIN
decisive advantage that it will entirely eliminate the small
producers, particularly if the latter resort to such means
as lengthening the working day, etc.; and that manufacture
is never in a position to embrace the whole of production,
but remains a mere superstructure over the mass of
small establishments.
5) T h e P r o c e s s i n g o f L i v e s t o c k P r o d u c e.
T h e L e a t h e r a n d F u r T r a d e s
The most extensive areas of the leather industry present
particularly striking examples of the complete merging
of “handicraft” and factory industry, examples of capitalist
manufacture highly developed (in depth and in
breadth). What is characteristic is the fact that the
gubernias which are conspicuous for the size of their
“factory” leather industry (Vyatka, Nizhni-Novgorod, Perm
and Tver) are marked by a particular development of
“handicraft” industries in this sphere.
In the village of Bogorodskoye, Gorbatov Uyezd, Nizhni-
Novgorod Gubernia, there were, according to the Directory
for 1890, 58 “factories” with 392 workers and an output
totalling 547,000 rubles; according to the List for 1894-95
there were 119 “works,” with 1,499 workers on the premises
and 205 outside, and with an output totalling 934,000
rubles (the latter figures covering only the processing
of livestock produce, the principal local industry). But
these data deal only with the top levels of capitalist
manufacture. Mr. Karpov in 1879 computed in this village
and its environs over 296 establishments, with 5,669 workers
(a large number of whom worked at home for capitalists),
and with an output totalling about 1,490,000 rubles* in
the following industries: tanning, shingle-gluing, basketweaving
(for packing goods), harness-making, horse-collarmaking,
mitten-making and, standing by itself, pottery.
The Zemstvo census of 1889 listed 4,401 industrialists for
this district, and of 1,842 workers for whom detailed information
is given, 1,119 work for hire in other people’s workshops
and 405 work at home for masters.** “Bogorodskoye,
* Transactions of the Handicraft Commission, IX.
** Material for the Evaluation of the Lands in Gorbatov Uyezd.