Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
157
we have seen, however, the differentiation of the peasantry
leads to a diminution of the role of allotment land at both
poles of the contemporary countryside. Naturally, under
such conditions the distribution of taxes according to allotment
land held (which is inseparably connected with the
compulsory nature of the village community) leads to the
shifting of the tax burden from the well-to-do peasants
to the poor. The village community (i.e., collective responsibility
59 with no right to refuse land) becomes more and
more harmful to the peasant poor.*
(B) Passing to the characterisation of peasant farming,
let us start by citing general data on the farms:
Groups
No. of peasants
Persons of both sexes
per family
Num- Area under
Workers per ber of crops per
family peas- household
ants (dess.)
own
hire
total
Households employing
farm labourers
leasing out
land
a) 12 4.08 1 — 1 — 5 — 5.9 1.48 — 1.48 0.36 —
b) 18 4.94 1 0.17 1.17 3 3 5 7.4 2.84 0.58 3.42 0.69 20.5
c) 17 8.23 2.17 0.12 2.29 2 — 9 12.7 5.62 1.31 6.93 0.84 23.4
d) 9 13.00 2.66 0.22 2.88 2 — 6 18.5 8.73 2.65 11.38 0.87 30.4
e) 5 14.20 3.2 0.2 3.4 1 — 5 22.9 11.18 6.92 18.10 1.27 61.9
f) 5 16.00 3.2 1.2 4.4 2 — 3 23 10.50 10.58 21.08 1.32 100.7
Total
66 8.27 1.86 0.21 2.07 10 8 30 12.4 5.32 2.18 7.5 0.91 41.0
the Poll Tax.—Keussler, Zur Geschichte und Kritik des bäuerlichen
Gemeindebesitzes in Russland (A Contribution to the History and
Critique of Peasant Communal Landownership in Russia.—Ed.).—
V. V., The Peasant Community (Results of Zemstvo Statistical Investigation,
Vol. I).
*It goes without saying that still greater harm will be done to
the peasant poor by Stolypin’s (November 1906) breaking up of the
village community. This is the Russian “enrichissez-vous” (“enrich
yourselves”.—Ed.). Black Hundreds—rich peasants! Loot all you can,
so long as you bolster up tottering absolutism! (Note to 2nd edition.)
renting land
Allotment land per
household (dess.)
on own land
on rented
land
Total
Dess. under crops per
capita, both sexes
% of rented to
own land