Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
389
per establishment (72) conceal the true character of the
trade” (loc. cit., 39). The specialisation characteristic of
manufacture is seen here clearly in the separation of the
industrialists from agriculture (the land is abandoned,
on the one hand by the impoverished weavers, and on the
other by the big manufactory owners) and in the formation
of a special type of industrial population, who live much
more “decently” than do the agriculturists, and look down
upon the muzhik (loc. cit., 106). Our factory statistics
have always registered only a very casually selected fraction
of this industry.*
The “galloon industry” in Moscow Gubernia is capitalist
manufacture organised in a quite analogous fashion.**
Such precisely is the case with regard to the printed calico
industry in Kamyshin Uyezd, Saratov Gubernia. According
to the Directory for 1890, there were here 31 “factories”
with 4,250 workers and output totalling 265,000
rubles, while according to the List there was one “workdistributing
office” with 33 workers in the establishment
and an output totalling 47,000 rubles. (In other words, in
1890 workers employed in the establishment and on the side
were lumped together!) According to local investigators, in
1888 nearly 7,000 looms were engaged in producing printed
calico,*** an output totalling 2 million rubles, and “the
* The Military Statistical Abstract managed to count in
Vladimir Gubernia, in 1866, 98 silk factories (!) with 98 workers
and a total output of 4,000 rubles(!). The Directory for 1890 gives 35
factories, 2,112 workers, and 936,000 rubles. According to the List
for 1894-95 there were 98 factories, 2,281 workers, with an output
of 1,918,000 rubles, and in addition, 2,477 workers “outside of
establishments, on the side.” Just try to distinguish “handicraftsmen”
here from “factory workers”!
** According to the Directory for 1890 there were outside of
Moscow 10 galloon factories, with 303 workers and an output totalling
58,000 rubles. But according to Statistical Returns for Moscow
Gubernia (Vol. VI, Pt. II), there were 400 establishments, with 2,619
workers (of whom 72.8% were wage-workers) and with an output
totalling 963,000 rubles.
*** The Collection of Factory Inspectors’ Reports for 1903 (St.
Petersburg, 1906) states that in Saratov Gubernia there were 33
distributing offices with 10,000 workers. (Note to 2nd edition.)