Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

126
V. I. LENIN
Comment is superfluous.
For Kaluga Gubernia we have only the following very fragmentary
and incomplete data on grain-sowing by 8,626
households (about � of the total number of peasant households
in the gubernia*).
% of households
. . . .
% of persons of
both sexes . .
% of area under
crops. .
% of total
draught horses
nonsowing
Groups of households according to area under crops
Sowing winter crops (meras)
up to
15
15 to
30
30 to
45
45 to
60
over
60
7.4 30.8 40.2 13.3 5.3 3.0 100
3.3 25.4 40.7 17.2 8.1 5.3 100
— 15.0 39.9 22.2 12.3 10.6 100
0.1 21.6 41.7 19.8 9.6 7.2 100
% of gross income
from
crop crops . . . .
Area (dessiatines)
under
— 16.7 40.2 22.1 21.0 100
crops per
.
household . — 2.0 4.2 7.2 9.7 14.1 —
That is to say, 21.6% of the households, constituting
30.6% of the population, possess 36.6% of the draught
horses, 45.1% of the area under crops and 43.1% of the gross
income from crops. Clearly, these figures also point to the
concentration of purchased and rented land in the hands of
the well-to-do peasantry.
For Tver Gubernia, despite the wealth of information in
the statistical returns the house-to-house censuses have
been very inadequately processed; there is no classification
of households according to economic strength. This defect
is used by Mr. Vikhlyayev in the Statistical Returns for Tver
Gubernia (Vol. XIII, Part 2, Peasant Farming, Tver, 1897)
to deny “differentiation” among the peasantry, to detect a
drive towards “greater equality,” and to sing hymns in praise
of “people’s production” (p. 312) and “natural economy.”
Mr. Vikhlyayev enters into the most hazardous and unfounded
* Statistical Survey of Kaluga Gubernia for 1896, Kaluga, 1897,
p. 43 and foll., 83, 113 of appendices.
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