Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
hence, the data for previous years (particularly 1866 and
1879) may still be somewhat exaggerated, notwithstanding
the corrections referred to in the footnote.
We give the returns on these largest factories (p. 510).
Let us commence our analysis of this table with the
data for the years 1866, 1879 and 1890. The total number
of large factories changed during these years as follows:
644, 852, 951, or in percentages: 100, 132, 147. In the course
of 24 years the number of large factories increased, consequently,
by nearly fifty per cent. Moreover, if we take the
data for the different categories of large factories, we shall
see that the larger the factories, the faster their number
grows (A: 512, 641, 712 factories; B: 90, 130, 140; C: 42, 81,
FROM MARX
TO MAO
99). This indicates a growing concentration of production.
�⋆
The number of mechanised establishments grows more rapidly
than the total number of factories; in percentages as
follows: 100, 178, 226. An increasing number of large factories
introduce steam-engines. The larger the factories, the
greater the number of mechanised establishments among
them; if we calculate the percentage of these establishments
to the total number of factories in the given category, we
obtain the following: A) 39%, 53%, 63%; B) 75%, 91%, 100%;
C) 83%, 94%, 100%. The employment of steam-engines is
closely bound up with NOT the expansion FORof
the volume of output,
with the expansion of co-operation in production.
The number of workers in all large factories changed
in percentages COMMERCIAL
as follows: 100, 168, 200. During the 24
years the number of workers doubled, i.e., exceeded the
increase in the DISTRIBUTION
total number of “factory workers.” The
average number of workers per large factory was by years:
359, 458, 488, and by categories: A) 213, 221, 220; B) 665,
706, 673; C) 1,495, 1,935, 2,154. An increasing number of
workers are thus being concentrated in the largest factories.
In 1866, factories with 1,000 workers and over employed
27% of the total number of workers in large factories;
in 1879, 40%; in 1890, 46%.
The change in the output of all large factories expressed
in percentages will be: 100, 243, 292; and by categories:
A) 100, 201, 187; B) 100, 245, 308; C) 100, 323, 479. Hence,
the volume of output of all large factories increased almost
threefold, and the larger the factory, the more rapid the
511