Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

116
V. I. LENIN
families, combining thousands of peasants who own no horses
with thousands who own many, peasants who rent land and
peasants who lease land, cultivators and non-cultivators,
thousands of wage-workers and a minority of employers, etc.
General “averages” for the entire neutral group are obtained,
for example, by adding together landless households or those
possessing 3 to 4 dess. per household (of allotment and purchased
land in all) and households possessing 25, 50 and more
dessiatines of allotment land and purchasing additionally
tens and hundreds of dessiatines of land (Returns for Bobrov
Uyezd, p. 336, Col. No. 148; for Novokhopersk Uyezd,
p. 222)—by adding together households with 0.8 to 2.7 animals
per family and those with 12 to 21 animals (ibid.). Naturally,
one cannot depict the differentiation of the peasantry
with the aid of such “averages,” and so we have to take the
classification according to draught animals as the one most
closely approximating classification according to scale of
farming. We have at our disposal four volumes of returns
with this classification (for Zemlyansk, Zadonsk, Nizhnedevitsk
and Korotoyak uyezds), and from these we must choose
Zadonsk Uyezd, because no separate returns are given for
the others on the purchase and leasing of land according to
groups. Below we shall give combined data for all these four
uyezds and the reader will see that the conclusions they yield
are the same. Here are general data for the groups in Zadonsk
Uyezd (15,704 households, 106,288 persons of both sexes,
135,656 dess. of allotment land, 2,882 dess. of purchased land,
24,046 dess. of rented, and 6,482 dess. of land leased out).
Groups of
householders
% of households
Per household
persons both sexes
% of population,
both sexes
Allotment land per
household (dess.)
allotment
Total Total land
% of land land in cultiuse
vated
purchased
Horseless 24.5 4.5 16.3 5.2 14.7 2.0 1.5 36.9 4.7 11.2 1.4 8.9 0.6
With 1
horse 40.5 6.1 36.3 7.7 36.1 14.3 19.5 41.9 8.2 32.8 3.4 35.1 2.5
With 2 or
3 horses 31.8 8.7 40.9 11.6 42.6 35.9 54.0 19.8 14.4 45.4 5.8 47.0 5.2
With 4
and more 3.2 13.6 6.5 17.1 6.6 47.8 25.0 1.4 33.2 10.6 11.1 9.0 11.3
Total 100 6.8 100 8.6 100 100 100 100 10.1 100 4.0 100 3.2
rented
leased out
per household
(dess.)
%
per household
(dess.)
%
Total animals
per household