Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
515
we see that in 1879 the large factories, constituting 4.4%
of all “factories and works” concentrated 66.8% of the total
number of factory workers and 54.8% of the total output.
In 1890 they constituted 6.7% of the total number of
“factories and works,” and concentrated 71.1% of all
factory workers and 57.2% of the total output. In
1894-95 they constituted 10.1% of all “factories and
works,” and concentrated 74% of all factory workers and
70.8% of the total output. In 1903, the large
factories in European Russia, those with over 100 workers,
constituted 17% of the total number of factories and works
and concentrated 76.6% of the total number of factory
workers.* Thus, the large, mostly steam-powered, factories,
despite their small numbers, concentrate an overwhelming
and ever-growing proportion of the workers and output of
all “factories and works.” The tremendous rapidity with which
these large factories have been growing in the post-Reform
period has already been noted. Let us now cite data on the
equally large enterprises in the mining industry.**
Largest industrial enterprises in European Russia in 1890
In the mining In factory and mining
industry industries
Groups of factories,
works, mines, pits,
etc., according to
No. of
enterprises
No. of
enterprises
number of workersNo.
Em-
of
ploying
workers
Total
steam
Total
Em-
ploying
steam
No. of
workers
power power
A) From 100 to 499 236 89 58,249 1,369 858 310,906
workers
B) ” 500 to 999 73 38 50,607 256 221 172,160
workers
C) ” 1000 work- 71 49 149,098 186 164 398,035
ers and more
Total 380 176 257,954 1,810 1,243 881,101
* The total figures for our factory industry as given by the
Directory and the List were quoted above, in §II [Cf. Studies, p. 276
(See present edition, Vol. 4 “On the Question of Our Factory Statistics.”—Ed.)].
We would point out that the rise in the percentage of
large factories in the total number of “factories and works” indicates
above all that this latter term is gradually acquiring a more restricted
meaning in our statistics.
** These data have been compiled from Statistical Returns for