Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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472 V. I. LENIN together with factory workers! For 1866 (according to the Yearbook) up to 22,000 home workers were included among factory workers (by no means the full number, for the Yearbook, evidently by pure accident, omits in the case of Moscow Gubernia those notes about “work from village to village” which are so abundant for Vladimir Gubernia). For 1890 (according to the Directory) we found only about 9,000 such workers. Clearly, the figures given in the factory statistics (1866—59,000 workers in the cottonweaving mills; 1890—75,000) underrate the increase in the number of factory workers that actually took place.* Here are data showing what different establishments were classed at different times as cotton-weaving “factories”:** Total cotton- These include Y e a r sweaving “factories” factoriesofficesworkrooms 1866 436 256 38 142 1879 411 209 66 136 1890 311 283 21 7 Thus, the decrease in the number of “factories” shown by the “statistics” actually indicates the displacing of distributing offices and workrooms by the factory. Let us illustrate this by the example of two factories: * Cf. Tugan-Baranovsky, loc. cit., p. 420.—The total number of village hand weavers working for capitalists was estimated by Semyonov at approximately 385,857 in 1859 (loc. cit., III, 273); to these he added another 200,000 village workers engaged “in other factory trades” (ibid., p. 302). At the present time, as we have seen above, the number of capitalistically employed home workers is much larger. ** Establishments with an output of under 2,000 rubles are classed as workrooms. The data of the special investigation of factories and works in Moscow and Vladimir gubernias made in 1868 by the Central Statistical Committee contain the repeated statement that the output figures of the small weaving establishments merely indicate pay for work done. Establishments that distribute work to home workers are classed as offices. For 1866 the figure given for these establishments is far from complete, owing to obvious omissions in the case of Moscow Gubernia.
Years THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA I. M. Terentyev’s factory I. N. Garelin’s factory in Shuya in Ivanovo-Voznesensk Number of power-looms 473 Number Number of workersof workers on premises outside total Total output (thousand rubles) Number of power-looms on premises 1866 Hand — 205 670 875 130 Distributing — ? 1,917 1,917 158 offices 1879 Steam 648 920 — 920 1,346 Steam 893 1,274 — 1,274 2,137 1890 ” 1,502 1,043 — 1,043 1,244 ” 1,141 1,483 — 1,483 2,058 1894-95 ” ? 1,160 — 1,160 1,878 ” ? 2,134 — 2,134 2,933 Hence, to assess the development of large-scale machine production in this branch of industry it is best to take the data giving the number of power-looms. In the 1860s there were about 11,000,* and in 1890 about 87,000. Largescale machine industry was consequently developing at enormous speed. In cotton spinning and weaving there was recorded in 1875-1878 a total of 148 mechanised establishments, having 481 steam-engines totalling 20,504 h.p., and in 1890, 168 mechanised establishments, having 554 steam-engines with a total of 38,750 h.p. Precisely the same mistake is made in Russian statistics in relation to linen production, wherein a decrease in the number of factory workers is erroneously shown (1866— 17,171; 1890—15,497). Actually, in 1866, of 16,900 looms belonging to linen-mill owners only 4,749 were kept in their establishments, the remaining 12,151 being held by workroom owners.** The number of factory workers for 1866, therefore, included about 12,000 home workers, and for 1890 only about 3,000 (computed from Directory). The number of power-looms, however, grew from 2,263 in 1866 (computed from Military Statistical Abstract) to 4,041 in * Military Statistical Abstract, 380.—Survey of Manufactory Industry, Vol, II, St. Petersburg, 1863, p. 451.—In 1898 the number of power-looms used in cotton weaving (for the whole Empire, evidently) was reckoned at 100,630. Successes of Russian Industry, p. 33. ** Military Statistical Abstract, pp. 367-368: Commissariat returns. outside total Total output (thousand rubles)
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W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R
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ИНCTИTУT МАРKCИзМА —Л
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PUBLISHER’S NOTE The present Engl
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10 CONTENTS V. The Views of Adam Sm
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12 CONTENTS workers and peasants 16
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14 CONTENTS 1) Distilling . . . . .
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16 CONTENTS 8) The Metal Trades. Th
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18 CONTENTS II. The Growth of the C
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Written in 1896-99. First printed i
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26 V. I. LENIN indicated the topic
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28 V. I. LENIN as the Germans say (
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32 V. I. LENIN as the phenomenon ex
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34 V. I. LENIN according to the fir
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38 V. I. LENIN kinds of raw materia
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40 V. I. LENIN II. THE GROWTH OF TH
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42 V. I. LENIN fact of the ruin of
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44 V. I. LENIN capitalist developme
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46 V. I. LENIN or the role of the f
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48 V. I. LENIN total of commodities
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50 V. I. LENIN the country’s tota
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52 V. I. LENIN controversies over t
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54 V. I. LENIN Narodnik economists
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56 V. I. LENIN of consumption, but
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58 V. I. LENIN (III, 2, 21. Russ. t
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60 V. I. LENIN brings our Narodniks
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62 V. I. LENIN of this subject a si
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64 V. I. LENIN gross income. But ev
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66 V. I. LENIN reproduction of soci
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68 V. I. LENIN from simple commodit
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70 C H A P T E R II THE DIFFERENTIA
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72 V. I. LENIN Mr. Postnikov employ
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74 V. I. LENIN Thus the well-to-do
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76 V. I. LENIN and reduction of the
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78 Groups of households V. I. LENIN
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80 V. I. LENIN the peasant bourgeoi
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82 V. I. LENIN statistical returns.
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84 V. I. LENIN No. of Dess. per ren
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86 V. I. LENIN of the Germans and t
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88 V. I. LENIN . . . plough it agai
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90 V. I. LENIN we get the following
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92 V. I. LENIN to the complete adap
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94 V. I. LENIN Thus, here again we
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96 V. I. LENIN household returns on
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98 V. I. LENIN prevents the underst
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100 V. I. LENIN the distribution of
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102 V. I. LENIN Hence, we see every
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104 V. I. LENIN tov statisticians d
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106 V. I. LENIN IV. ZEMSTVO STATIST
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108 V. I. LENIN Let us pass to the
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110 V. I. LENIN between the groups
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112 V. I. LENIN We see also how pro
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114 V. I. LENIN especially of allot
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116 V. I. LENIN families, combining
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118 V. I. LENIN see what sort of in
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120 V. I. LENIN Here too, consequen
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122 V. I. LENIN average rye yield g
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124 V. I. LENIN Gubernias there is
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126 V. I. LENIN Comment is superflu
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128 V. I. LENIN so, we have to spli
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RU
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ING TABLES A & B E Z D S O R G R O
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Groups buildings THE DEVELOPMENT OF
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Groups Rye flour (meras) THE DEVELO
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192 V. I. LENIN labour was separate
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194 V. I. LENIN immediately after t
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196 V. I. LENIN tion not only of al
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198 V. I. LENIN Having established
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200 V. I. LENIN corvée economy,* a
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202 V. I. LENIN a direct comparison
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204 V. I. LENIN has undertaken to d
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206 V. I. LENIN fulfilment of which
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208 V. I. LENIN unsuitable for the
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210 V. I. LENIN out the gubernia. .
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212 V. I. LENIN between landlord an
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214 V. I. LENIN “Only then is acc
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216 V. I. LENIN very outset, along
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218 V. I. LENIN aspects of agricult
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220 V. I. LENIN imports of agricult
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222 V. I. LENIN but also “handicr
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224 V. I. LENIN drawn up at a lando
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226 V. I. LENIN published by the Ps
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228 V. I. LENIN According to the re
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230 V. I. LENIN service by capitali
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232 V. I. LENIN to 70 workers, of w
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234 V. I. LENIN themselves without
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236 V. I. LENIN measures that devel
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238 V. I. LENIN migrate embraces Be
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240 V. I. LENIN existence of such a
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242 V. I. LENIN some one and a half
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244 V. I. LENIN North Caucasus, of
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246 V. I. LENIN “don’t know day
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248 V. I. LENIN precarious its exis
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250 V. I. LENIN “rowdy habits,”
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252 C H A P T E R IV THE GROWTH OF
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254 V. I. LENIN noteworthy is the f
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256 V. I. LENIN But before examinin
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258 V. I. LENIN have quickly increa
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260 V. I. LENIN 39.5% seasonal, and
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262 V. I. LENIN produce of this sor
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264 V. I. LENIN This table clearly
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266 V. I. LENIN 240,000 rubles in 1
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268 V. I. LENIN add here that the a
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270 V. I. LENIN but generic (res fu
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272 V. I. LENIN material for judgin
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274 V. I. LENIN a ruinously cheap p
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276 Groups of households V. I. LENI
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278 V. I. LENIN more profitable, bu
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280 V. I. LENIN in Three Volosts of
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282 V. I. LENIN farming and the det
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284 V. I. LENIN has assumed the cle
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286 V. I. LENIN operated).* “Toda
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288 V. I. LENIN industry of capital
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290 V. I. LENIN etc.* The area of t
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292 V. I. LENIN 1860-1864 was 4.1 m
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294 V. I. LENIN supports the opinio
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296 V. I. LENIN estimated at 130, e
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298 V. I. LENIN autumn (“from end
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300 V. I. LENIN Survey, Vol. II,
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302 V. I. LENIN Almost half the are
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304 V. I. LENIN VIII. INDUSTRIAL VE
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306 V. I. LENIN The peasant vegetab
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308 V. I. LENIN (1897, No. 16) on
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310 V. I. LENIN mation effected in
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312 V. I. LENIN different areas, bu
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314 V. I. LENIN Secondly, agricultu
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316 V. I. LENIN community by the di
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318 V. I. LENIN we do not in the le
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320 V. I. LENIN of the soil, etc.*
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322 V. I. LENIN discusses the diffe
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324 V. I. LENIN how divergent their
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326 V. I. LENIN especially emphasis
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328 V. I. LENIN proposition of the
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330 V. I. LENIN capitalism: fortuna
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332 V. I. LENIN of articles to the
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334 V. I. LENIN labour does not app
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336 V. I. LENIN definite circle of
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338 V. I. LENIN III. THE GROWTH OF
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340 V. I. LENIN we note the growth
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342 V. I. LENIN Similarly, the Perm
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344 V. I. LENIN a peasant bourgeois
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346 V. I. LENIN resort to the hire
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348 V. I. LENIN Let us now examine
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Percentages CHART OF SUMMARIZED DAT
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352 V. I. LENIN ing majority of the
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354 V. I. LENIN establishments in 7
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356 V. I. LENIN V. CAPITALIST SIMPL
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358 V. I. LENIN take it easy somewh
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360 V. I. LENIN there; it is necess
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362 V. I. LENIN and those of petty
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364 V. I. LENIN I suggested that th
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366 V. I. LENIN bigger tradeswomen.
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368 V. I. LENIN chant’s capital i
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370 V. I. LENIN prosperous peasants
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372 V. I. LENIN that is why their f
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374 V. I. LENIN workers; workroom o
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376 V. I. LENIN namely, that even t
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378 V. I. LENIN it is not the profi
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380 V. I. LENIN and one of the most
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382 V. I. LENIN a similar kind: som
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384 C H A P T E R VI CAPITALIST MAN
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386 V. I. LENIN production, regardi
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388 V. I. LENIN Let us illustrate t
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390 V. I. LENIN whole business is r
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392 V. I. LENIN in boots, hats, soc
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394 V. I. LENIN in 18 establishment
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396 V. I. LENIN for nearly 200 year
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398 V. I. LENIN on the job extensiv
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400 V. I. LENIN diverting the popul
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402 V. I. LENIN decisive advantage
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404 V. I. LENIN erable commercial a
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406 V. I. LENIN of Viyezdnaya Slobo
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408 V. I. LENIN far back as the fir
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410 V. I. LENIN The industry is a v
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412 V. I. LENIN the workers, he lec
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414 V. I. LENIN that despite the en
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416 V. I. LENIN Turning to the econ
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418 V. I. LENIN least surprising if
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420 V. I. LENIN People have to work
Page 440 and 441: 422 V. I. LENIN 10) T h e J e w e l
Page 442 and 443: 424 V. I. LENIN predominates,” an
Page 444 and 445: 426 V. I. LENIN a fraction of capit
Page 446 and 447: 428 V. I. LENIN personal dependence
Page 448 and 449: 430 V. I. LENIN in the post-Reform
Page 450 and 451: 432 V. I. LENIN veniences of commun
Page 452 and 453: 434 V. I. LENIN the West the manufa
Page 454 and 455: 436 V. I. LENIN on the other hand,
Page 456 and 457: 438 V. I. LENIN friends in misfortu
Page 458 and 459: 440 V. I. LENIN special sorts of pr
Page 460 and 461: 442 V. I. LENIN period, however, of
Page 462 and 463: 444 V. I. LENIN the average daily e
Page 464 and 465: 446 V. I. LENIN application of capi
Page 466 and 467: 448 V. I. LENIN we described in Cha
Page 468 and 469: 450 V. I. LENIN the organisation of
Page 470 and 471: 452 V. I. LENIN taken over quite un
Page 472 and 473: 454 C H A P T E R VII THE DEVELOPME
Page 474 and 475: 456 V. I. LENIN This, largely negat
Page 476 and 477: 458 V. I. LENIN of this obvious exa
Page 478 and 479: 460 V. I. LENIN the data of the Mil
Page 480 and 481: 462 V. I. LENIN establishments with
Page 482 and 483: 464 V. I. LENIN comparable with oth
Page 484 and 485: 466 V. I. LENIN Let us observe, inc
Page 486 and 487: 468 V. I. LENIN data for establishm
Page 488 and 489: 470 V. I. LENIN (Moscow, Grodno, Li
Page 492 and 493: 474 V. I. LENIN 1890, and of spindl
Page 494 and 495: 476 V. I. LENIN The tallow trade ha
Page 496 and 497: 478 V. I. LENIN 840 workers and an
Page 498 and 499: 480 V. I. LENIN 5,605 and 5,201* (C
Page 500 and 501: 482 V. I. LENIN believes every figu
Page 502 and 503: 484 V. I. LENIN 1. The number of fa
Page 504 and 505: 486 V. I. LENIN countries, where la
Page 506 and 507: 488 V. I. LENIN with the aid of woo
Page 508 and 509: 490 V. I. LENIN see that the develo
Page 510 and 511: 492 V. I. LENIN enormous developmen
Page 512 and 513: 494 V. I. LENIN of 480,800, i.e., l
Page 514 and 515: 496 V. I. LENIN increases. Every ne
Page 516 and 517: 498 V. I. LENIN there were in the s
Page 518 and 519: 500 V. I. LENIN the proportion of
Page 520 and 521: 502 V. I. LENIN Inde- MembersTotal
Page 522 and 523: 504 V. I. LENIN the best of years j
Page 524 and 525: 506 V. I. LENIN We have no doubt th
Page 526 and 527: 508 Steamboilers V. I. LENIN Number
Page 528 and 529: 510 Largest factories in European R
Page 530: 512 V. I. LENIN increase. But if we
Page 534 and 535: 516 V. I. LENIN In the mining indus
Page 536 and 537: 518 V. I. LENIN Directory for 1879
Page 538 and 539: 520 V. I. LENIN The second type of
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522 Leading centres of factory indu
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524 V. I. LENIN receives a tremendo
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526 V. I. LENIN productive consumpt
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528 V. I. LENIN Regarding Tikhvin U
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530 V. I. LENIN production. In a wo
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532 V. I. LENIN 300 to 500 carpente
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534 V. I. LENIN X. THE APPENDAGE TO
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536 V. I. LENIN example, ready-made
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538 V. I. LENIN F a c t o r i e s a
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540 V. I. LENIN is provided by the
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542 V. I. LENIN growing with enormo
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544 V. I. LENIN In manufacture we s
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546 V. I. LENIN Under manufacture t
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548 V. I. LENIN The settled charact
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550 V. I. LENIN creation of mobilit
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552 C H A P T E R VIII THE FORMATIO
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554 V. I. LENIN The amount of freig
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556 V. I. LENIN The latest statisti
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558 Population of European No. of t
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562 V. I. LENIN 2) T h e S i g n i
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564 Population (thousands) Urban %
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566 V. I. LENIN 3) T h e G r o w t
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568 V. I. LENIN of urban and non-ur
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570 V. I. LENIN Percentage distribu
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572 V. I. LENIN identity cards were
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574 V. I. LENIN permits) into group
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576 V. I. LENIN from 2.1 million ru
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578 V. I. LENIN youth are so eager
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580 V. I. LENIN very disadvantageou
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582 V. I. LENIN that the bottom gro
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584 V. I. LENIN that capitalism is
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586 V. I. LENIN Therefore, only by
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588 Average wages for 10 years (188
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590 V. I. LENIN has been said above
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592 V. I. LENIN well developed capi
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594 V. I. LENIN sian market. Russia
Page 614 and 615:
596 V. I. LENIN preneurs naturally
Page 616 and 617:
598 V. I. LENIN laws of the realisa
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600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
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No. of industry Name of industry To
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600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
Page 624 and 625:
602 V. I. LENIN FROM MARX TO MAO
Page 626 and 627:
604 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
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606 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
Page 630 and 631:
Total for enumerated 103 centres .
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611 “Jove is wrathful” . . . .
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 613 dispose of
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 615 consumed i
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 617 see that t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 619 of divisio
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 621 not even t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 623 payments w
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 625 developmen
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 627 Finally, t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 629 which not
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 631 Marxism in
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N O T E S
Page 658 and 659:
636 NOTES Lenin’s sister, A. I. U
Page 660 and 661:
638 NOTES 4 5 6 part of The Develop
Page 662 and 663:
640 NOTES 9 10 11 exorbitant price.
Page 664 and 665:
642 NOTES 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2
Page 666 and 667:
644 NOTES 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 i
Page 668 and 669:
646 NOTES 56 57 58 59 60 Handicraft
Page 670 and 671:
648 NOTES 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8
Page 672 and 673:
650 NOTES 88 89 90 91 92 93 Russkay
Page 674 and 675:
652 NOTES 105 106 107 108 109 110 1
Page 676 and 677:
654 NOTES 132 133 134 135 136 137 1
Page 678 and 679:
656 NOTES 151 152 153 154 155 156 1
Page 680:
658 NOTES 170 171 172 173 174 175 1
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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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