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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA<br />

Let us sum up our calculations.<br />

Years<br />

Number <strong>of</strong> workers in large capitalist<br />

enterprises (in thousands)<br />

In fac<strong>to</strong>ry In On<br />

industry mining railways<br />

Total<br />

1865 509 165 32 706<br />

1890 840 340 252 1,432<br />

499<br />

Thus, in 25 years the number <strong>of</strong> workers in large capitalist<br />

enterprises more than doubled, i.e., it increased not<br />

only much faster than the population in general, but even<br />

faster than the urban population.* The steadily increasing<br />

diversion <strong>of</strong> workers from agriculture and from the small<br />

industries <strong>to</strong> big industrial enterprises is consequently<br />

beyond doubt.** This is indicated by the very statistics that are<br />

so <strong>of</strong>ten resorted <strong>to</strong> and abused by our Narodniks. But the<br />

culminating point <strong>of</strong> their abuse <strong>of</strong> the statistics is the following<br />

truly phenomenal device: they work out the proportion<br />

<strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ry workers <strong>to</strong> the <strong>to</strong>tal population (!) and<br />

on the basis <strong>of</strong> the figure arrived at (about 1%) expatiate<br />

on how insignificant this “handful”*** <strong>of</strong> workers is!<br />

Mr. Kablukov, for example, after repeating the calculation <strong>of</strong><br />

* In European Russia the urban population in 1863 was 6.1<br />

million, and in 1897, 12.0 million.<br />

** The latest data on the number <strong>of</strong> workers in large capitalist<br />

enterprises are as follows for 1900 data exist regarding the number <strong>of</strong><br />

fac<strong>to</strong>ry workers in non-excise-paying enterprises; for 1903, data are<br />

available for excise-paying enterprises. On workers in the mining and<br />

metallurgical industries data exist for 1902. The number <strong>of</strong> railway<br />

workers may be determined by reckoning 11 men per verst (information<br />

as <strong>of</strong> January 1, 1904). See Yearbook <strong>of</strong> Russia, 1906, and Returns<br />

for the Mining and Metallurgical Industries, for 1902.<br />

Summing up these data, we get the following: in the 50 gubernias<br />

<strong>of</strong> European Russia in 1900-1903 there were 1,261,571 fac<strong>to</strong>ry workers;<br />

477,025 mining workers; 468,941 railway workers. Total, 2,207,537.<br />

In the entire Russian Empire there were 1,509,516 fac<strong>to</strong>ry workers,<br />

626,929 mining workers, 655,929 railway workers. Total, 2,792,374.<br />

These figures, <strong>to</strong>o, fully bear out what is said in the text. (Note <strong>to</strong> 2nd<br />

edition.)<br />

*** N. —on, loc. cit., 326 and others.

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