Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

164
Groups
Flour, all kinds
and cereals
Vegitables,
vegitable oil
and fruit
Potatoes
V. I. LENIN
Per head (rubles)
Total agricultural
produce
Total livestock
produce*
Total purchased
produce**
cash
expenditure
a) 6.62 1.55 1.62 9.79 3.71 1.43 14.93 5.72 3.58 0.71
b)
c)
7.10
9.67
1.49
1.78
0.71
1.07
9.30
12.52
5.28
7.04
1.79
2.43
16.37
21.99
4.76
4.44
2.55
1.42
0.42
0.59
d) 10.45 1.34 0.85 12.64 6.85 2.32 21.81 3.27 0.92 0.03
e)
f)
10.75
12.70
3.05
1.93
1.03
0.57
14.83
15.20
8.79
6.37
2.70
6.41
26.32
27.98
4.76
8.63
2.06
1.47
—
0.75
9.73 1.80 0.94 12.47 6.54 2.83 21.84 5.01 1.78 0.40
Thus, the general data on the peasants’ food confirm what
has been said above. Three groups stand out clearly: the bottom
group (horseless and one-horse), the middle group (twoand
three-horse), and the top group, whose food is nearly
twice as good as that of the bottom one. The general
“average” wipes out both extreme groups. Cash expenditure
on food is highest, both absolutely and relatively, in the
two extreme groups—among the rural proletarians and the
rural bourgeoisie. The former buy more, although they consume
less, than the middle peasants; they buy the most
essential agricultural produce, that of which they suffer a
shortage. The latter buy more because they consume more,
increasing particularly their consumption of nonagricultural
produce. A comparison of these two extreme
groups shows us clearly how a home market is created in a
capitalist country for articles of personal consumption.***
* Beef, pork, lard, mutton, butter, dairy produce, poultry
and eggs.
** Salt, salted and fresh fish, herrings, vodka, beer, tea and sugar.
*** Of the money expenditure on agricultural produce first place
goes to the purchase of rye, mainly by the poor, then the purchase of
vegetables Expenditure on vegetables is valued at 85 kopeks per
head of both sexes (ranging from 56 kopeks in group b to 1 ruble 31
kopeks in group e), including 47 kopeks in money. This interesting
fact shows us that even among the rural population, not to speak of
the urban, a market is created for the produce of one of the forms
of commercial agriculture, namely, market gardening. Expenditure
on vegetable oil is q in kind; that is to say, in this sphere domestic
production and primitive handicraft still prevail.
All produce
Of which
in money
On agricultural
produce
On livestock
produce