Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
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rented land, despite the fact that those with many horses have
an amount of allotment land above the average. Households
with 3 or more horses, 10.7% of the total number of households
and 16.1 % of the population, possess 18.3% of all allotment
land, 43.4% of the purchased land, 26.2% of the rented
land (to judge from the area under rye and oats on rented land),
and 29.4% of the total “industrial buildings.” On the other
hand 51.3 %, the horseless and one-horse households, constituting
40.1% of the population, have only 33.2% of the allotment
land, 13.8% of the purchased land, 20.8% of the rented
land (in the sense indicated above), and 28.8% of the “industrial
buildings.” In other words, here too the well-to-do peasants
“gather” the land and combine commercial and industrial
“trades” with agriculture, while the poor abandon the land
and turn into wage-workers (the percentage of “persons
engaged in industries” diminishes as we pass from the bottom
group to the top—from 26.6 % among the horseless peasants to
7.8% among those having 3 and more horses). The incompleteness
of these data compels us to omit them from the
following summary of the material on the differentiation of
the peasantry.
For the same reason we omit the data on part of Kozelets
Uyezd, Chernigov Gubernia (Material for Evaluating Farmlands,
Compiled by the Chernigov Statistical Department of
the Gubernia Zemstvo Board, Vol. V, Chernigov, 1882;
the data on the number of draught animals are classified
for 8,717 households of the black-earth district of the
uyezd). The relationships between the groups are the same here
too: 36.8% of the households, with no draught animals and
constituting 28.8% of the population, have 21% of their own
and allotment land and 7% of the rented land, but account
for 63% of the total land let out on lease by these 8,717 households.
On the other hand, 14.3% of the households, with 4
and more draught animals and constituting 17.3 % of the population,
have 33.4% of their own and allotment land and
32.1% of the rented land, and account for only 7% of the
land let out on lease. Unfortunately, the other households
(owning 1 to 3 draught animals) are not subdivided into
smaller groups.
In Material for an Investigation of the Land-Usage and
Domestic Life of the Rural Population of Irkutsk and Yenisei