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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA<br />

461<br />

in view <strong>of</strong> their “obvious exaggeration” (Yearbook, p. 306),<br />

the Military Statistical Abstract gives 95,000 workers<br />

over and above these figures. In brick-making the number<br />

<strong>of</strong> workers is exaggerated by a minimum <strong>of</strong> 10,000; <strong>to</strong><br />

convince oneself <strong>of</strong> this, one should compare the data by<br />

gubernias given in the Military Statistical Abstract and<br />

those in Returns and Material <strong>of</strong> the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Finance,<br />

No. 4 <strong>of</strong> 1866 and No. 6 <strong>of</strong> 1867. For the metallurgical<br />

trades the Military Statistical Abstract exaggerated the<br />

number <strong>of</strong> workers by 86,000 as compared with that in the Yearbook,<br />

having evidently included some <strong>of</strong> the mine workers<br />

in its figure. For the excise-paying trades the Military<br />

Statistical Abstract, as we shall show in the next section,<br />

exaggerates the number <strong>of</strong> workers by nearly 40,000.<br />

Al<strong>to</strong>gether there is an exaggeration <strong>of</strong> 280,000. This is a minimum<br />

and incomplete figure, for we lack material <strong>to</strong> verify<br />

the data <strong>of</strong> the Military Statistical Abstract for all trades.<br />

One can therefore judge <strong>to</strong> what extent those who assert<br />

that the error <strong>of</strong> Messrs. N. —on and Karyshev is trifling<br />

are informed on this subject!<br />

In the 1870s much less was done <strong>to</strong> combine and<br />

analyse fac<strong>to</strong>ry statistics than in the 1860s. The Ministry<br />

<strong>of</strong> Finance Yearbook contains data for only 40 trades (not<br />

subject <strong>to</strong> excise duty) for 1867-1879 (<strong>Vol</strong>s. VIII, X and<br />

XII; see Appendix II), the exclusion <strong>of</strong> the other trades<br />

being ascribed <strong>to</strong> the “extremely unsatisfac<strong>to</strong>ry nature<br />

<strong>of</strong> the material” for industries “which are connected with<br />

agricultural life, or are appendages <strong>of</strong> artisan and handicraft<br />

industries” (<strong>Vol</strong>. VIII, p. 482; same, <strong>Vol</strong>. X, p. 590).<br />

The most valuable source for the 1870s is Mr. P. Orlov’s<br />

Direc<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Fac<strong>to</strong>ries and <strong>Works</strong> (1st edition, St. Petersburg,<br />

1881, returns for 1879 taken from the same reports<br />

<strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ry owners <strong>to</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Commerce and<br />

Manufacture). This publication lists all establishments<br />

with an output <strong>of</strong> not less than 2,000 rubles. The others,<br />

being small and inseparable from handicraft establishments,<br />

are not enumerated in this list, but are included<br />

in the summarised data given by the Direc<strong>to</strong>ry. Since no<br />

separate <strong>to</strong>tals are given for establishments with an output<br />

<strong>of</strong> 2,000 rubles and over, the general data <strong>of</strong> the Direc<strong>to</strong>ry,<br />

like those <strong>of</strong> previous publications, combine the small

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