Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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262 V. I. LENIN produce of this sort.* “Before our very eyes a marked transition is taking place from stock farming for manure to stock farming for dairy produce; it has been particularly noticeable during the past ten years” (work quoted in previous footnote, ibid.). It is very difficult by the use of statistics to describe the various regions of Russia in this respect, because it is not the total number of horned cattle that is here important, but the number of dairy cattle and their quality. If we take the total number of animals per hundred inhabitants, we shall find that it is biggest in the outer steppe regions of Russia and smallest in the non-black-earth belt (Agriculture and Forestry, 274); we shall find that as time goes on the number diminishes (Productive Forces, III, 6. Cf. Historico-Statistical Survey, I). Hence, we observe here what Roscher noted in his day, namely, that the number of animals per unit of the population is largest in districts of “extensive livestock farming” (W. Roscher, Nationaloekonomik des Ackerbaues. 7-te Aufl., Stuttg., 1873, S. 563- 564**). We, however, are interested in intensive livestock farming, and in dairy farming in particular. We are compelled, therefore, to confine ourselves to the approximate computation made by the authors of the above-mentioned, Sketch, without claiming to make an exact estimate of the phenomenon; such a computation clearly illustrates the relative positions of the various regions of Russia as to degree of dairy-farm development. We quote this computation in extenso, supplementing it with some averages arrived at and data on the cheese-making industry in 1890 according to “factory” statistics. * In other parts of Russia stock farming is of a different kind. For example, in the extreme South and South-East, the most extensive form of stock farming has become established, namely, cattlefattening for beef. Further north, horned cattle are used as draught animals. Lastly, in the central black-earth belt cattle are used as “manure-making machines.” V. Kovalevsky and I. Levitsky, Statistical Sketch of Dairy Farming in the Northern and Central Belts of European Russia (St. Petersburg, 1879). The authors of this work, like the majority of agricultural experts, display very little interest in the social-economic aspect of the matter or understanding of this aspect It is quite wrong, for example, to draw from the fact of farms becoming more profitable the direct conclusion that they ensure “the people’s well-being and nutriment” (p. 2). ** W. Roscher, Economics of Agriculture, 7th edition, Stuttgart 1873, pp. 563-564.—Ed.
Amount of Per 100 inhabitants Cheese output in 1890 Approximate output of cheese, soft cheese and butter in 1879 Groups of gubernias THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA Thousand rubles butter, poods milk, vedros milch cows Average milk yield per cow (vedros) butter in thous. poods vedros* milk in thous. Milch cows (thous.) Population, both sexes (thous.) (1873) I. Baltic and Western (9) . . . . . . . . 8,127 1,101 34,070 297 31 13.6 420 3.6 ? 469 II. Northern (10) . . . 12,227 1,407 50,000 461 35 11.4 409 3.7 3,370.7 563 III. Industrial (nonblack-earth (7) . . . 8,822 662 18,810 154 28 7.5 214 1.7 1,088 295 IV. Central (blackearth) (8) . . . . . 12,387 785 16,140 133 20 6.3 130 1.0 242.7 23 V. South black-earth, South-West, Southern and East-steppe (16). . . . . . . . 24,087 1,123 20,880 174 18 4.6 86 0.7 — — Total for 50 gubernias of European Russia . . 65,650 5,078 139,900 1,219 27 7.7 213 1.8 4,701.4 1,350 263 * 1 vedros = 2.6 gallons.—Ed.
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W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R
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ИНCTИTУT МАРKCИзМА —Л
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PUBLISHER’S NOTE The present Engl
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10 CONTENTS V. The Views of Adam Sm
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12 CONTENTS workers and peasants 16
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14 CONTENTS 1) Distilling . . . . .
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16 CONTENTS 8) The Metal Trades. Th
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18 CONTENTS II. The Growth of the C
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Written in 1896-99. First printed i
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26 V. I. LENIN indicated the topic
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28 V. I. LENIN as the Germans say (
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32 V. I. LENIN as the phenomenon ex
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34 V. I. LENIN according to the fir
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38 V. I. LENIN kinds of raw materia
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40 V. I. LENIN II. THE GROWTH OF TH
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42 V. I. LENIN fact of the ruin of
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44 V. I. LENIN capitalist developme
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46 V. I. LENIN or the role of the f
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48 V. I. LENIN total of commodities
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50 V. I. LENIN the country’s tota
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52 V. I. LENIN controversies over t
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54 V. I. LENIN Narodnik economists
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56 V. I. LENIN of consumption, but
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58 V. I. LENIN (III, 2, 21. Russ. t
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60 V. I. LENIN brings our Narodniks
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62 V. I. LENIN of this subject a si
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64 V. I. LENIN gross income. But ev
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66 V. I. LENIN reproduction of soci
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68 V. I. LENIN from simple commodit
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70 C H A P T E R II THE DIFFERENTIA
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72 V. I. LENIN Mr. Postnikov employ
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74 V. I. LENIN Thus the well-to-do
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76 V. I. LENIN and reduction of the
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78 Groups of households V. I. LENIN
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80 V. I. LENIN the peasant bourgeoi
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82 V. I. LENIN statistical returns.
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84 V. I. LENIN No. of Dess. per ren
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86 V. I. LENIN of the Germans and t
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88 V. I. LENIN . . . plough it agai
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90 V. I. LENIN we get the following
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92 V. I. LENIN to the complete adap
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94 V. I. LENIN Thus, here again we
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96 V. I. LENIN household returns on
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98 V. I. LENIN prevents the underst
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100 V. I. LENIN the distribution of
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102 V. I. LENIN Hence, we see every
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104 V. I. LENIN tov statisticians d
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106 V. I. LENIN IV. ZEMSTVO STATIST
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108 V. I. LENIN Let us pass to the
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110 V. I. LENIN between the groups
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112 V. I. LENIN We see also how pro
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114 V. I. LENIN especially of allot
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116 V. I. LENIN families, combining
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118 V. I. LENIN see what sort of in
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120 V. I. LENIN Here too, consequen
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122 V. I. LENIN average rye yield g
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124 V. I. LENIN Gubernias there is
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126 V. I. LENIN Comment is superflu
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128 V. I. LENIN so, we have to spli
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RU
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ING TABLES A & B E Z D S O R G R O
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Groups buildings THE DEVELOPMENT OF
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Groups Rye flour (meras) THE DEVELO
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192 V. I. LENIN labour was separate
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194 V. I. LENIN immediately after t
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196 V. I. LENIN tion not only of al
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198 V. I. LENIN Having established
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200 V. I. LENIN corvée economy,* a
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202 V. I. LENIN a direct comparison
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204 V. I. LENIN has undertaken to d
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206 V. I. LENIN fulfilment of which
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208 V. I. LENIN unsuitable for the
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210 V. I. LENIN out the gubernia. .
Page 230 and 231: 212 V. I. LENIN between landlord an
Page 232 and 233: 214 V. I. LENIN “Only then is acc
Page 234 and 235: 216 V. I. LENIN very outset, along
Page 236 and 237: 218 V. I. LENIN aspects of agricult
Page 238 and 239: 220 V. I. LENIN imports of agricult
Page 240 and 241: 222 V. I. LENIN but also “handicr
Page 242 and 243: 224 V. I. LENIN drawn up at a lando
Page 244 and 245: 226 V. I. LENIN published by the Ps
Page 246 and 247: 228 V. I. LENIN According to the re
Page 248 and 249: 230 V. I. LENIN service by capitali
Page 250 and 251: 232 V. I. LENIN to 70 workers, of w
Page 252 and 253: 234 V. I. LENIN themselves without
Page 254 and 255: 236 V. I. LENIN measures that devel
Page 256 and 257: 238 V. I. LENIN migrate embraces Be
Page 258 and 259: 240 V. I. LENIN existence of such a
Page 260 and 261: 242 V. I. LENIN some one and a half
Page 262 and 263: 244 V. I. LENIN North Caucasus, of
Page 264 and 265: 246 V. I. LENIN “don’t know day
Page 266 and 267: 248 V. I. LENIN precarious its exis
Page 268 and 269: 250 V. I. LENIN “rowdy habits,”
Page 270 and 271: 252 C H A P T E R IV THE GROWTH OF
Page 272 and 273: 254 V. I. LENIN noteworthy is the f
Page 274 and 275: 256 V. I. LENIN But before examinin
Page 276 and 277: 258 V. I. LENIN have quickly increa
Page 278 and 279: 260 V. I. LENIN 39.5% seasonal, and
Page 282 and 283: 264 V. I. LENIN This table clearly
Page 284 and 285: 266 V. I. LENIN 240,000 rubles in 1
Page 286 and 287: 268 V. I. LENIN add here that the a
Page 288 and 289: 270 V. I. LENIN but generic (res fu
Page 290 and 291: 272 V. I. LENIN material for judgin
Page 292 and 293: 274 V. I. LENIN a ruinously cheap p
Page 294 and 295: 276 Groups of households V. I. LENI
Page 296 and 297: 278 V. I. LENIN more profitable, bu
Page 298 and 299: 280 V. I. LENIN in Three Volosts of
Page 300 and 301: 282 V. I. LENIN farming and the det
Page 302 and 303: 284 V. I. LENIN has assumed the cle
Page 304 and 305: 286 V. I. LENIN operated).* “Toda
Page 306 and 307: 288 V. I. LENIN industry of capital
Page 308 and 309: 290 V. I. LENIN etc.* The area of t
Page 310 and 311: 292 V. I. LENIN 1860-1864 was 4.1 m
Page 312 and 313: 294 V. I. LENIN supports the opinio
Page 314 and 315: 296 V. I. LENIN estimated at 130, e
Page 316 and 317: 298 V. I. LENIN autumn (“from end
Page 318 and 319: 300 V. I. LENIN Survey, Vol. II,
Page 320 and 321: 302 V. I. LENIN Almost half the are
Page 322 and 323: 304 V. I. LENIN VIII. INDUSTRIAL VE
Page 324 and 325: 306 V. I. LENIN The peasant vegetab
Page 326 and 327: 308 V. I. LENIN (1897, No. 16) on
Page 328 and 329: 310 V. I. LENIN mation effected in
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312 V. I. LENIN different areas, bu
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314 V. I. LENIN Secondly, agricultu
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316 V. I. LENIN community by the di
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318 V. I. LENIN we do not in the le
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320 V. I. LENIN of the soil, etc.*
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322 V. I. LENIN discusses the diffe
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324 V. I. LENIN how divergent their
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326 V. I. LENIN especially emphasis
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328 V. I. LENIN proposition of the
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330 V. I. LENIN capitalism: fortuna
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332 V. I. LENIN of articles to the
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334 V. I. LENIN labour does not app
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336 V. I. LENIN definite circle of
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338 V. I. LENIN III. THE GROWTH OF
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340 V. I. LENIN we note the growth
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342 V. I. LENIN Similarly, the Perm
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344 V. I. LENIN a peasant bourgeois
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346 V. I. LENIN resort to the hire
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348 V. I. LENIN Let us now examine
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Percentages CHART OF SUMMARIZED DAT
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352 V. I. LENIN ing majority of the
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354 V. I. LENIN establishments in 7
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356 V. I. LENIN V. CAPITALIST SIMPL
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358 V. I. LENIN take it easy somewh
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360 V. I. LENIN there; it is necess
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362 V. I. LENIN and those of petty
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364 V. I. LENIN I suggested that th
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366 V. I. LENIN bigger tradeswomen.
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368 V. I. LENIN chant’s capital i
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370 V. I. LENIN prosperous peasants
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372 V. I. LENIN that is why their f
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374 V. I. LENIN workers; workroom o
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376 V. I. LENIN namely, that even t
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378 V. I. LENIN it is not the profi
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380 V. I. LENIN and one of the most
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382 V. I. LENIN a similar kind: som
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384 C H A P T E R VI CAPITALIST MAN
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386 V. I. LENIN production, regardi
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388 V. I. LENIN Let us illustrate t
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390 V. I. LENIN whole business is r
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392 V. I. LENIN in boots, hats, soc
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394 V. I. LENIN in 18 establishment
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396 V. I. LENIN for nearly 200 year
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398 V. I. LENIN on the job extensiv
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400 V. I. LENIN diverting the popul
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402 V. I. LENIN decisive advantage
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404 V. I. LENIN erable commercial a
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406 V. I. LENIN of Viyezdnaya Slobo
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408 V. I. LENIN far back as the fir
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410 V. I. LENIN The industry is a v
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412 V. I. LENIN the workers, he lec
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414 V. I. LENIN that despite the en
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416 V. I. LENIN Turning to the econ
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418 V. I. LENIN least surprising if
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420 V. I. LENIN People have to work
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422 V. I. LENIN 10) T h e J e w e l
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424 V. I. LENIN predominates,” an
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426 V. I. LENIN a fraction of capit
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428 V. I. LENIN personal dependence
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430 V. I. LENIN in the post-Reform
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432 V. I. LENIN veniences of commun
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434 V. I. LENIN the West the manufa
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436 V. I. LENIN on the other hand,
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438 V. I. LENIN friends in misfortu
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440 V. I. LENIN special sorts of pr
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442 V. I. LENIN period, however, of
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444 V. I. LENIN the average daily e
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446 V. I. LENIN application of capi
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448 V. I. LENIN we described in Cha
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450 V. I. LENIN the organisation of
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452 V. I. LENIN taken over quite un
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454 C H A P T E R VII THE DEVELOPME
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456 V. I. LENIN This, largely negat
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458 V. I. LENIN of this obvious exa
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460 V. I. LENIN the data of the Mil
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462 V. I. LENIN establishments with
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464 V. I. LENIN comparable with oth
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466 V. I. LENIN Let us observe, inc
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468 V. I. LENIN data for establishm
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470 V. I. LENIN (Moscow, Grodno, Li
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472 V. I. LENIN together with facto
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474 V. I. LENIN 1890, and of spindl
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476 V. I. LENIN The tallow trade ha
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478 V. I. LENIN 840 workers and an
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480 V. I. LENIN 5,605 and 5,201* (C
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482 V. I. LENIN believes every figu
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484 V. I. LENIN 1. The number of fa
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486 V. I. LENIN countries, where la
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488 V. I. LENIN with the aid of woo
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490 V. I. LENIN see that the develo
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492 V. I. LENIN enormous developmen
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494 V. I. LENIN of 480,800, i.e., l
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496 V. I. LENIN increases. Every ne
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498 V. I. LENIN there were in the s
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500 V. I. LENIN the proportion of
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502 V. I. LENIN Inde- MembersTotal
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504 V. I. LENIN the best of years j
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506 V. I. LENIN We have no doubt th
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508 Steamboilers V. I. LENIN Number
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510 Largest factories in European R
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512 V. I. LENIN increase. But if we
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516 V. I. LENIN In the mining indus
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518 V. I. LENIN Directory for 1879
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520 V. I. LENIN The second type of
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522 Leading centres of factory indu
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524 V. I. LENIN receives a tremendo
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526 V. I. LENIN productive consumpt
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528 V. I. LENIN Regarding Tikhvin U
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530 V. I. LENIN production. In a wo
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532 V. I. LENIN 300 to 500 carpente
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534 V. I. LENIN X. THE APPENDAGE TO
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536 V. I. LENIN example, ready-made
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538 V. I. LENIN F a c t o r i e s a
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540 V. I. LENIN is provided by the
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542 V. I. LENIN growing with enormo
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544 V. I. LENIN In manufacture we s
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546 V. I. LENIN Under manufacture t
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548 V. I. LENIN The settled charact
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550 V. I. LENIN creation of mobilit
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552 C H A P T E R VIII THE FORMATIO
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554 V. I. LENIN The amount of freig
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556 V. I. LENIN The latest statisti
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558 Population of European No. of t
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562 V. I. LENIN 2) T h e S i g n i
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564 Population (thousands) Urban %
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566 V. I. LENIN 3) T h e G r o w t
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568 V. I. LENIN of urban and non-ur
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570 V. I. LENIN Percentage distribu
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572 V. I. LENIN identity cards were
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574 V. I. LENIN permits) into group
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576 V. I. LENIN from 2.1 million ru
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578 V. I. LENIN youth are so eager
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580 V. I. LENIN very disadvantageou
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582 V. I. LENIN that the bottom gro
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584 V. I. LENIN that capitalism is
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586 V. I. LENIN Therefore, only by
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588 Average wages for 10 years (188
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590 V. I. LENIN has been said above
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592 V. I. LENIN well developed capi
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594 V. I. LENIN sian market. Russia
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596 V. I. LENIN preneurs naturally
Page 616 and 617:
598 V. I. LENIN laws of the realisa
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600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
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No. of industry Name of industry To
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600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
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602 V. I. LENIN FROM MARX TO MAO
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604 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
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606 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
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Total for enumerated 103 centres .
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611 “Jove is wrathful” . . . .
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 613 dispose of
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 615 consumed i
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 617 see that t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 619 of divisio
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 621 not even t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 623 payments w
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 625 developmen
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 627 Finally, t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 629 which not
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 631 Marxism in
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N O T E S
Page 658 and 659:
636 NOTES Lenin’s sister, A. I. U
Page 660 and 661:
638 NOTES 4 5 6 part of The Develop
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640 NOTES 9 10 11 exorbitant price.
Page 664 and 665:
642 NOTES 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2
Page 666 and 667:
644 NOTES 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 i
Page 668 and 669:
646 NOTES 56 57 58 59 60 Handicraft
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648 NOTES 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8
Page 672 and 673:
650 NOTES 88 89 90 91 92 93 Russkay
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652 NOTES 105 106 107 108 109 110 1
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654 NOTES 132 133 134 135 136 137 1
Page 678 and 679:
656 NOTES 151 152 153 154 155 156 1
Page 680:
658 NOTES 170 171 172 173 174 175 1
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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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