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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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474<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

1890, and <strong>of</strong> spindles from 95,495 <strong>to</strong> 218,012. In flaxspinning<br />

and linen-weaving in the years 1875-1878 there<br />

were 28 mechanised establishments, having 47 steamengines<br />

with a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 1,604 h.p., while in 1890 there were 48<br />

mechanised establishments, having 83 steam-engines with<br />

a <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> 5,027 h.p.*<br />

Lastly, <strong>of</strong> the textile trades mention should be made <strong>of</strong><br />

dyeing, printing and finishing, in which trades the fac<strong>to</strong>ry<br />

statistics combine fac<strong>to</strong>ries and the very smallest handicraft<br />

establishments with only 1 or 2 workers each and<br />

an output <strong>of</strong> a few hundred rubles.** Naturally, this causes<br />

no little confusion and obscures the rapid growth <strong>of</strong> largescale<br />

machine industry. The following figures reflect this<br />

growth: in the wool-cleaning, dyeing, bleaching and<br />

finishing trades in 1875-1878 there were 80 mechanised<br />

establishments with 255 steam-engines <strong>to</strong>talling 2,634<br />

h.p.; in 1890 there were 189 mechanised establishments<br />

with 858 steam-engines <strong>to</strong>talling 9,100 h.p.<br />

2) W o o d - W o r k i n g I n d u s t r i e s<br />

In this section the most reliable data are those on sawmilling,<br />

although in the past small establishments were<br />

also included here.*** The enormous development <strong>of</strong> this<br />

trade in the post-Reform period (1866—4 million rubles;<br />

1890—19 million rubles), accompanied by a considerable<br />

increase in the number <strong>of</strong> workers (4,000 and 15,000) and in<br />

the number <strong>of</strong> steam-powered establishments (26 and 430),<br />

is particularly interesting, in that it affords striking evidence<br />

<strong>of</strong> the growth <strong>of</strong> the lumber industry. Saw-milling is but one<br />

<strong>of</strong> the operations <strong>of</strong> the lumber industry, which is a necessary<br />

concomitant <strong>of</strong> the first steps <strong>of</strong> large-scale machine industry.<br />

As <strong>to</strong> the rest <strong>of</strong> the trades in this section, namely,<br />

* In silk-weaving in 1879 there were 495 power-looms and<br />

5,996 hand-looms (His<strong>to</strong>rico-Statistical Survey), and in 1890 there<br />

were 2,899 <strong>of</strong> the former and over 7,500 <strong>of</strong> the latter.<br />

** For example, in 1879 the number <strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ries computed in<br />

these trades was 729; <strong>of</strong> this number, 466 had 977 workers and an output<br />

<strong>of</strong> 170,000 rubles. Even <strong>to</strong>day one can find many such “fac<strong>to</strong>ries”—<br />

for instance, in the description <strong>of</strong> the handicraft industries <strong>of</strong> Vyatka<br />

and Perm gubernias.<br />

*** Cf. Military Statistical Abstract, p. 389. Survey <strong>of</strong> Manu-<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>ry Industry, I, 309.

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