Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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158 V. I. LENIN From this table it is evident that the relationship existing between the groups in regard to the leasing out and the renting of land, size of families and area under crops, hiring of farm labourers, etc., is identical with that shown by the budget data and the above-examined mass data. But that is not all: the absolute figures on the economy of each group also prove to be very close to the data for whole uyezds. Here is a comparison of the budget and aboveexamined data: persons of both sexes Per household* T h o s e w i t h T h o s e w i t h n o h o r s e s h a v e o n e h o r s e h a v e rented land (dess.) area under crops (dess.) The budgets4.1 — 1.5 0.8 4.9 0.6 3.4 2.6 4 uyezds, Voronezh Gubernia 4.4 0.1 1.4 0.6 5.9 0.7 3.4 2.7 Novouzensk Uyezd, Samara Gubernia 3.9 0.3 2.1 0.5 4.7 1.4 5.0 1.9 4 uyezds, Saratov Gubernia 3.9 0.4 1.2 0.5 5.1 1.6 4.5 2.3 Kamyshin Uyezd, Samara Gubernia 4.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 5.1 1.6 5.0 2.3 3 uyezds, Nizhni- Novgorod Guber- 4.1 0.2 1.8 0.7 5.2 1.1 4.4 2.4 nia 2 uyezds, Orel Gubernia 4.4 0.1 ? 0.5 5.7 1.0 ? 2.3 Thus, the position of the horseless and one-horse peasants in all the localities indicated is almost identical, so that the budget data may be regarded as sufficiently typical. We cite data on the property and implements of the peasant farms in the different groups. * Area under crops not for 4 uyezds, but only for Zadonsk Uyezd, Voronezh Gubernia. total animals persons of both sexes rented land (dess.) area under crops (dess.) total animals
Groups buildings THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA Per farm value (rubles) of In rubles implements animals and poultry utensils clothes total per head, both sexes implements and livestock ditto per dess. under crops No. of buildings per farm Total animals in terms of cattle per farm Value of one draught horse No. of peasants without implements No. of peasants with improved implements a) 67.25 9.73 16.87 14.61 39.73 148.19 36.29 26.60 18.04 3.8 0.8 — 8 — — b) 133.28 29.03 62.04 19.57 61.78 305.70 61.83 91.07 26.56 5.9 2.6 27 — — — c) 235.76 76.35 145.89 51.95 195.43 705.38 85.65 222.24 32.04 7.6 4.9 37 — — — d) 512.33 85.10 368.94 54.71 288.73 1,309.81 100.75 454.04 39.86 10.2 9.1 61 — 1 50 e) 495.80 174.16 442.06 81.71 445.66 1,639.39 115.45 616.22 34.04 11.4 12.8 52 — 1 50 f) 656.20 273.99 934.06 82.04 489.38 2,435.67 152.23 1,208.05 57.30 13.0 19.3 69 — 3 170.3 To- 266.44 tal 74.90 212.13 41.42 184.62 779.33 94.20 287.03 38.20 7.5 5.8 52 8 5 270.3 159 This table graphically illustrates the difference in the extent to which the various groups are provided with implements and livestock, a point we mentioned above on the basis of the mass data. We see here the completely different degree to which the various groups hold property, this difference being such that even the horses of the poor peasant are very different from those of the affluent peasant.* The horse of the one-horse peasant is a veritable “living fraction”—not a “quarter of a horse,” to be sure, but fully “twenty-seven fifty-seconds” of a horse!** 61 * German agricultural literature includes several monographs by Drechsler containing data on the weight of the cattle owned by farmers of various groups, classified according to amount of land held. 60 These data show even more strikingly than the figures we have cited from Russian Zemstvo statistics the immeasurably inferior quality of the cattle owned by the small peasants as compared with those owned by the big peasants, particularly by the landlords. I hope to analyse these data for the press in the near future. (Note to 2nd edition.) ** If these budget standards of the value of buildings, implements and animals to be found in the various groups of peasants were applied to the summary data for 49 gubernias of European Russia that were cited above, it would be seen that one-fifth of the peasant households owns a considerably larger quantity of means of production than all the rest of the peasantry. Value of implements
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W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R
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ИНCTИTУT МАРKCИзМА —Л
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PUBLISHER’S NOTE The present Engl
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10 CONTENTS V. The Views of Adam Sm
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12 CONTENTS workers and peasants 16
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14 CONTENTS 1) Distilling . . . . .
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16 CONTENTS 8) The Metal Trades. Th
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18 CONTENTS II. The Growth of the C
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Written in 1896-99. First printed i
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26 V. I. LENIN indicated the topic
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28 V. I. LENIN as the Germans say (
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32 V. I. LENIN as the phenomenon ex
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34 V. I. LENIN according to the fir
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38 V. I. LENIN kinds of raw materia
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40 V. I. LENIN II. THE GROWTH OF TH
Page 48 and 49:
42 V. I. LENIN fact of the ruin of
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44 V. I. LENIN capitalist developme
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46 V. I. LENIN or the role of the f
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48 V. I. LENIN total of commodities
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50 V. I. LENIN the country’s tota
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52 V. I. LENIN controversies over t
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54 V. I. LENIN Narodnik economists
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56 V. I. LENIN of consumption, but
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58 V. I. LENIN (III, 2, 21. Russ. t
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60 V. I. LENIN brings our Narodniks
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62 V. I. LENIN of this subject a si
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64 V. I. LENIN gross income. But ev
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66 V. I. LENIN reproduction of soci
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68 V. I. LENIN from simple commodit
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70 C H A P T E R II THE DIFFERENTIA
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72 V. I. LENIN Mr. Postnikov employ
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74 V. I. LENIN Thus the well-to-do
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76 V. I. LENIN and reduction of the
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78 Groups of households V. I. LENIN
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80 V. I. LENIN the peasant bourgeoi
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82 V. I. LENIN statistical returns.
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84 V. I. LENIN No. of Dess. per ren
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86 V. I. LENIN of the Germans and t
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88 V. I. LENIN . . . plough it agai
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90 V. I. LENIN we get the following
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92 V. I. LENIN to the complete adap
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94 V. I. LENIN Thus, here again we
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96 V. I. LENIN household returns on
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98 V. I. LENIN prevents the underst
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100 V. I. LENIN the distribution of
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102 V. I. LENIN Hence, we see every
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104 V. I. LENIN tov statisticians d
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106 V. I. LENIN IV. ZEMSTVO STATIST
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108 V. I. LENIN Let us pass to the
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110 V. I. LENIN between the groups
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112 V. I. LENIN We see also how pro
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114 V. I. LENIN especially of allot
Page 122 and 123: 116 V. I. LENIN families, combining
Page 124 and 125: 118 V. I. LENIN see what sort of in
Page 126 and 127: 120 V. I. LENIN Here too, consequen
Page 128 and 129: 122 V. I. LENIN average rye yield g
Page 130 and 131: 124 V. I. LENIN Gubernias there is
Page 132 and 133: 126 V. I. LENIN Comment is superflu
Page 134 and 135: 128 V. I. LENIN so, we have to spli
Page 139 and 140: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RU
Page 157 and 158: ING TABLES A & B E Z D S O R G R O
Page 171: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RU
Page 181 and 182: Groups Rye flour (meras) THE DEVELO
Page 210 and 211: 192 V. I. LENIN labour was separate
Page 212 and 213: 194 V. I. LENIN immediately after t
Page 214 and 215: 196 V. I. LENIN tion not only of al
Page 216 and 217: 198 V. I. LENIN Having established
Page 218 and 219: 200 V. I. LENIN corvée economy,* a
Page 220 and 221: 202 V. I. LENIN a direct comparison
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204 V. I. LENIN has undertaken to d
Page 224 and 225:
206 V. I. LENIN fulfilment of which
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208 V. I. LENIN unsuitable for the
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210 V. I. LENIN out the gubernia. .
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212 V. I. LENIN between landlord an
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214 V. I. LENIN “Only then is acc
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216 V. I. LENIN very outset, along
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218 V. I. LENIN aspects of agricult
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220 V. I. LENIN imports of agricult
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222 V. I. LENIN but also “handicr
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224 V. I. LENIN drawn up at a lando
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226 V. I. LENIN published by the Ps
Page 246 and 247:
228 V. I. LENIN According to the re
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230 V. I. LENIN service by capitali
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232 V. I. LENIN to 70 workers, of w
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234 V. I. LENIN themselves without
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236 V. I. LENIN measures that devel
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238 V. I. LENIN migrate embraces Be
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240 V. I. LENIN existence of such a
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242 V. I. LENIN some one and a half
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244 V. I. LENIN North Caucasus, of
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246 V. I. LENIN “don’t know day
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248 V. I. LENIN precarious its exis
Page 268 and 269:
250 V. I. LENIN “rowdy habits,”
Page 270 and 271:
252 C H A P T E R IV THE GROWTH OF
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254 V. I. LENIN noteworthy is the f
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256 V. I. LENIN But before examinin
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258 V. I. LENIN have quickly increa
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260 V. I. LENIN 39.5% seasonal, and
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262 V. I. LENIN produce of this sor
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264 V. I. LENIN This table clearly
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266 V. I. LENIN 240,000 rubles in 1
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268 V. I. LENIN add here that the a
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270 V. I. LENIN but generic (res fu
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272 V. I. LENIN material for judgin
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274 V. I. LENIN a ruinously cheap p
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276 Groups of households V. I. LENI
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278 V. I. LENIN more profitable, bu
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280 V. I. LENIN in Three Volosts of
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282 V. I. LENIN farming and the det
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284 V. I. LENIN has assumed the cle
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286 V. I. LENIN operated).* “Toda
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288 V. I. LENIN industry of capital
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290 V. I. LENIN etc.* The area of t
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292 V. I. LENIN 1860-1864 was 4.1 m
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294 V. I. LENIN supports the opinio
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296 V. I. LENIN estimated at 130, e
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298 V. I. LENIN autumn (“from end
Page 318 and 319:
300 V. I. LENIN Survey, Vol. II,
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302 V. I. LENIN Almost half the are
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304 V. I. LENIN VIII. INDUSTRIAL VE
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306 V. I. LENIN The peasant vegetab
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308 V. I. LENIN (1897, No. 16) on
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310 V. I. LENIN mation effected in
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312 V. I. LENIN different areas, bu
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314 V. I. LENIN Secondly, agricultu
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316 V. I. LENIN community by the di
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318 V. I. LENIN we do not in the le
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320 V. I. LENIN of the soil, etc.*
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322 V. I. LENIN discusses the diffe
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324 V. I. LENIN how divergent their
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326 V. I. LENIN especially emphasis
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328 V. I. LENIN proposition of the
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330 V. I. LENIN capitalism: fortuna
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332 V. I. LENIN of articles to the
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334 V. I. LENIN labour does not app
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336 V. I. LENIN definite circle of
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338 V. I. LENIN III. THE GROWTH OF
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340 V. I. LENIN we note the growth
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342 V. I. LENIN Similarly, the Perm
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344 V. I. LENIN a peasant bourgeois
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346 V. I. LENIN resort to the hire
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348 V. I. LENIN Let us now examine
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Percentages CHART OF SUMMARIZED DAT
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352 V. I. LENIN ing majority of the
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354 V. I. LENIN establishments in 7
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356 V. I. LENIN V. CAPITALIST SIMPL
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358 V. I. LENIN take it easy somewh
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360 V. I. LENIN there; it is necess
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362 V. I. LENIN and those of petty
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364 V. I. LENIN I suggested that th
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366 V. I. LENIN bigger tradeswomen.
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368 V. I. LENIN chant’s capital i
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370 V. I. LENIN prosperous peasants
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372 V. I. LENIN that is why their f
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374 V. I. LENIN workers; workroom o
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376 V. I. LENIN namely, that even t
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378 V. I. LENIN it is not the profi
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380 V. I. LENIN and one of the most
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382 V. I. LENIN a similar kind: som
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384 C H A P T E R VI CAPITALIST MAN
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386 V. I. LENIN production, regardi
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388 V. I. LENIN Let us illustrate t
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390 V. I. LENIN whole business is r
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392 V. I. LENIN in boots, hats, soc
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394 V. I. LENIN in 18 establishment
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396 V. I. LENIN for nearly 200 year
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398 V. I. LENIN on the job extensiv
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400 V. I. LENIN diverting the popul
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402 V. I. LENIN decisive advantage
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404 V. I. LENIN erable commercial a
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406 V. I. LENIN of Viyezdnaya Slobo
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408 V. I. LENIN far back as the fir
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410 V. I. LENIN The industry is a v
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412 V. I. LENIN the workers, he lec
Page 432 and 433:
414 V. I. LENIN that despite the en
Page 434 and 435:
416 V. I. LENIN Turning to the econ
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418 V. I. LENIN least surprising if
Page 438 and 439:
420 V. I. LENIN People have to work
Page 440 and 441:
422 V. I. LENIN 10) T h e J e w e l
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424 V. I. LENIN predominates,” an
Page 444 and 445:
426 V. I. LENIN a fraction of capit
Page 446 and 447:
428 V. I. LENIN personal dependence
Page 448 and 449:
430 V. I. LENIN in the post-Reform
Page 450 and 451:
432 V. I. LENIN veniences of commun
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434 V. I. LENIN the West the manufa
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436 V. I. LENIN on the other hand,
Page 456 and 457:
438 V. I. LENIN friends in misfortu
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440 V. I. LENIN special sorts of pr
Page 460 and 461:
442 V. I. LENIN period, however, of
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444 V. I. LENIN the average daily e
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446 V. I. LENIN application of capi
Page 466 and 467:
448 V. I. LENIN we described in Cha
Page 468 and 469:
450 V. I. LENIN the organisation of
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452 V. I. LENIN taken over quite un
Page 472 and 473:
454 C H A P T E R VII THE DEVELOPME
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456 V. I. LENIN This, largely negat
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458 V. I. LENIN of this obvious exa
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460 V. I. LENIN the data of the Mil
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462 V. I. LENIN establishments with
Page 482 and 483:
464 V. I. LENIN comparable with oth
Page 484 and 485:
466 V. I. LENIN Let us observe, inc
Page 486 and 487:
468 V. I. LENIN data for establishm
Page 488 and 489:
470 V. I. LENIN (Moscow, Grodno, Li
Page 490 and 491:
472 V. I. LENIN together with facto
Page 492 and 493:
474 V. I. LENIN 1890, and of spindl
Page 494 and 495:
476 V. I. LENIN The tallow trade ha
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478 V. I. LENIN 840 workers and an
Page 498 and 499:
480 V. I. LENIN 5,605 and 5,201* (C
Page 500 and 501:
482 V. I. LENIN believes every figu
Page 502 and 503:
484 V. I. LENIN 1. The number of fa
Page 504 and 505:
486 V. I. LENIN countries, where la
Page 506 and 507:
488 V. I. LENIN with the aid of woo
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490 V. I. LENIN see that the develo
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492 V. I. LENIN enormous developmen
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494 V. I. LENIN of 480,800, i.e., l
Page 514 and 515:
496 V. I. LENIN increases. Every ne
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498 V. I. LENIN there were in the s
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500 V. I. LENIN the proportion of
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502 V. I. LENIN Inde- MembersTotal
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504 V. I. LENIN the best of years j
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506 V. I. LENIN We have no doubt th
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508 Steamboilers V. I. LENIN Number
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510 Largest factories in European R
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512 V. I. LENIN increase. But if we
Page 534 and 535:
516 V. I. LENIN In the mining indus
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518 V. I. LENIN Directory for 1879
Page 538 and 539:
520 V. I. LENIN The second type of
Page 540 and 541:
522 Leading centres of factory indu
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524 V. I. LENIN receives a tremendo
Page 544 and 545:
526 V. I. LENIN productive consumpt
Page 546 and 547:
528 V. I. LENIN Regarding Tikhvin U
Page 548 and 549:
530 V. I. LENIN production. In a wo
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532 V. I. LENIN 300 to 500 carpente
Page 552 and 553:
534 V. I. LENIN X. THE APPENDAGE TO
Page 554 and 555:
536 V. I. LENIN example, ready-made
Page 556 and 557:
538 V. I. LENIN F a c t o r i e s a
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540 V. I. LENIN is provided by the
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542 V. I. LENIN growing with enormo
Page 562 and 563:
544 V. I. LENIN In manufacture we s
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546 V. I. LENIN Under manufacture t
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548 V. I. LENIN The settled charact
Page 568 and 569:
550 V. I. LENIN creation of mobilit
Page 570 and 571:
552 C H A P T E R VIII THE FORMATIO
Page 572 and 573:
554 V. I. LENIN The amount of freig
Page 574 and 575:
556 V. I. LENIN The latest statisti
Page 576:
558 Population of European No. of t
Page 580 and 581:
562 V. I. LENIN 2) T h e S i g n i
Page 582 and 583:
564 Population (thousands) Urban %
Page 584 and 585:
566 V. I. LENIN 3) T h e G r o w t
Page 586 and 587:
568 V. I. LENIN of urban and non-ur
Page 588 and 589:
570 V. I. LENIN Percentage distribu
Page 590 and 591:
572 V. I. LENIN identity cards were
Page 592 and 593:
574 V. I. LENIN permits) into group
Page 594 and 595:
576 V. I. LENIN from 2.1 million ru
Page 596 and 597:
578 V. I. LENIN youth are so eager
Page 598 and 599:
580 V. I. LENIN very disadvantageou
Page 600 and 601:
582 V. I. LENIN that the bottom gro
Page 602 and 603:
584 V. I. LENIN that capitalism is
Page 604 and 605:
586 V. I. LENIN Therefore, only by
Page 606 and 607:
588 Average wages for 10 years (188
Page 608 and 609:
590 V. I. LENIN has been said above
Page 610 and 611:
592 V. I. LENIN well developed capi
Page 612 and 613:
594 V. I. LENIN sian market. Russia
Page 614 and 615:
596 V. I. LENIN preneurs naturally
Page 616 and 617:
598 V. I. LENIN laws of the realisa
Page 618 and 619:
600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
Page 620 and 621:
No. of industry Name of industry To
Page 622 and 623:
600 V. I. LENIN and we have had occ
Page 624 and 625:
602 V. I. LENIN FROM MARX TO MAO
Page 626 and 627:
604 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
Page 628 and 629:
606 1879 1890 No. of inhabitants ac
Page 630 and 631:
Total for enumerated 103 centres .
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611 “Jove is wrathful” . . . .
Page 635 and 636:
UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 613 dispose of
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 615 consumed i
Page 639 and 640:
UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 617 see that t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 619 of divisio
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 621 not even t
Page 645 and 646:
UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 623 payments w
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 625 developmen
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 627 Finally, t
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 629 which not
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UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 631 Marxism in
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N O T E S
Page 658 and 659:
636 NOTES Lenin’s sister, A. I. U
Page 660 and 661:
638 NOTES 4 5 6 part of The Develop
Page 662 and 663:
640 NOTES 9 10 11 exorbitant price.
Page 664 and 665:
642 NOTES 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2
Page 666 and 667:
644 NOTES 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 i
Page 668 and 669:
646 NOTES 56 57 58 59 60 Handicraft
Page 670 and 671:
648 NOTES 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8
Page 672 and 673:
650 NOTES 88 89 90 91 92 93 Russkay
Page 674 and 675:
652 NOTES 105 106 107 108 109 110 1
Page 676 and 677:
654 NOTES 132 133 134 135 136 137 1
Page 678 and 679:
656 NOTES 151 152 153 154 155 156 1
Page 680:
658 NOTES 170 171 172 173 174 175 1
show all

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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