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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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404<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

erable commercial and industrial centres in the gubernia,<br />

and its industry and commerce run in<strong>to</strong> the millions.” “The<br />

radius <strong>of</strong> the industrial and commercial influence <strong>of</strong> Bogorodskoye<br />

is very wide; but most closely connected with the<br />

industry <strong>of</strong> Bogorodskoye is that <strong>of</strong> its environs within a<br />

radius <strong>of</strong> 10 <strong>to</strong> 12 versts. These industrial environs are, as it<br />

were, a continuation <strong>of</strong> Bogorodskoye itself.” “The inhabitants<br />

<strong>of</strong> Bogorodskoye do not in the least resemble the<br />

ordinary, raw muzhiks: they are artisans <strong>of</strong> the burgher<br />

type, shrewd, experienced people, who look down on the<br />

peasants. The manner <strong>of</strong> life and the ethical standards <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Bogorodskoye inhabitants are completely urban.” To this<br />

we must add that the industrial villages <strong>of</strong> Gorba<strong>to</strong>v Uyezd<br />

are marked by a relatively high level <strong>of</strong> literacy among<br />

the population. Thus, the percentage <strong>of</strong> literate and<br />

student men and women is, in the villages <strong>of</strong> Pavlovo,<br />

Bogorodskoye and Vorsma, 37.8% and 20% respectively, as<br />

against 21.5% and 4.4% in the rest <strong>of</strong> the uyezd (see Zemstvo<br />

statistical Material).<br />

Quite analogous (only on a smaller scale) are the relations<br />

in the leather-processing industries <strong>of</strong> the villages <strong>of</strong> Katunki<br />

and Gorodets (Balakhna Uyezd), Bolshoye Murashkino<br />

(Knyaginin Uyezd), Yurino (Vasil Uyezd), and Tubanayevka,<br />

Spasskoye, Vatras and Latyshikha in the same uyezd.<br />

These are similar non-agricultural centres with a “ring”<br />

<strong>of</strong> surrounding agricultural villages, and with similar diverse<br />

industries and numerous small establishments (and also<br />

workers in the home) subordinated <strong>to</strong> big entrepreneurs,<br />

whose capitalist workshops are occasionally included among<br />

“fac<strong>to</strong>ries and works.”* Without going in<strong>to</strong> statistical<br />

details, which will provide nothing new compared with<br />

what has already been said, let us merely quote the<br />

following extremely interesting description <strong>of</strong> the village <strong>of</strong><br />

Katunki:**<br />

“A certain patriarchal simplicity in the relations between masters<br />

and workmen, which, however, is not so noticeable at first sight<br />

* See Zemstvo statistical Material for uyezds mentioned.—<br />

Transactions <strong>of</strong> the Handicraft Commission, IX and VI.—Direc<strong>to</strong>ry<br />

and List.—Reports and Investigations, II.<br />

** In 1889 it had 380 households (none cultivating land) with<br />

1,305 inhabitants In the whole <strong>of</strong> the Katunki <strong>Vol</strong>ost, 90.6% <strong>of</strong> the

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