Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
The remaining items of expenditure on personal consumption
are as follows:
Groups
property, clothing
fuel (straw)
Per head, both sexes (rubles)
clothing, footwear
e x p e n d i t u r e o n
lighting
a) 9.73 0.95 1.46 0.23 1.64 4.28 3.87 19.21 9.59
b) 12.38 0.52 1.33 0.25 1.39 3.49 3.08 19.86 7.84
c) 23.73 0.54 2.47 0.22 2.19 5.42 4.87 27.41 9.31
d) 22.21 0.58 1.71 0.17 3.44 5.90 5.24 27.71 8.51
e) 31.39 1.73 4.64 0.26 3.78 10.41 8.93 36.73 13.69
f) 30.58 1.75 1.75 0.21 1.46 5.17 3.10 33.15 11.73
22.31 0.91 2.20 0.22 2.38 5.71 4.86 27.55 9.87
165
It is not always correct to calculate this expenditure per
head of both sexes, because the cost of fuel, lighting, household
effects, etc., for example, is not proportionate to the
number of members of the family.
These data also show the division of the peasantry (according
to standard of living) into three different groups.
Moreover, the following interesting peculiarity comes to
light: the cash part of the expenditure on all personal consumption
is highest in the bottom groups (in group a about
half the expenditure is in money), whereas in the top groups
the cash expenditure does not increase, amounting to only
about a third. How can this be reconciled with the abovenoted
fact that, in general, the percentage of money expenditure
increases in both extreme groups? Obviously in the
top groups the cash expenditure is incurred mainly on productive
consumption (expenditure on the farm), whereas in
the bottom groups it is on personal consumption. Here are
the exact data on this:
other domestic needs
total personal consumption
other
than of food
of which in money
Total on food and
other consumption
of which in money