22.12.2012 Views

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

532<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

300 <strong>to</strong> 500 carpenters and have become real capitalists. . . .<br />

It is not surprising that the local peasants say that ‘nothing<br />

pays so well as trading in carpenters.’”* It would be hard<br />

<strong>to</strong> give a more striking characterisation <strong>of</strong> the quintessence<br />

<strong>of</strong> the present organisation <strong>of</strong> the industry! “Carpentry has<br />

left a deep impress upon the whole <strong>of</strong> peasant life in this<br />

locality. . . . The peasant carpenter devotes less and less time<br />

<strong>to</strong> agriculture, and eventually gives it up al<strong>to</strong>gether.” Life in<br />

the cities has laid the impress <strong>of</strong> culture on the carpenter: he<br />

lives a much cleaner life than do the surrounding peasants,<br />

and is conspicuous for his “cultured appearance,” for “his<br />

relatively high mental development.”**<br />

The <strong>to</strong>tal number <strong>of</strong> building workers in European Russia<br />

must be very considerable, judging from the fragmentary<br />

data available. In Kaluga Gubernia the number <strong>of</strong> building<br />

workers in 1896 was estimated at 39,860, both local and<br />

migra<strong>to</strong>ry. In Yaroslavl Gubernia there were in 1894-95—<br />

according <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial data—20,170 migra<strong>to</strong>ry. In Kostroma<br />

Gubernia there were about 39,500 migra<strong>to</strong>ry. In 9 uyezds <strong>of</strong><br />

Vyatka Gubernia (out <strong>of</strong> 11), there were about 30,500 migra<strong>to</strong>ry<br />

(in the 80s). In 4 uyezds in Tver Gubernia (out <strong>of</strong> 12),<br />

there were 15,585, both local and migra<strong>to</strong>ry. In Gorba<strong>to</strong>v<br />

Uyezd, Nizhni-Novgorod Gubernia, there were 2,221, both<br />

local and migra<strong>to</strong>ry. The number <strong>of</strong> carpenters alone who left<br />

Ryazan Gubernia every year <strong>to</strong> work in other districts was,<br />

according <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial figures for 1875 and 1876, not less<br />

than 20,000. In Orel Uyezd, Orel Gubernia, there are 2,000<br />

* Ibid., pp. 164-165. Our italics.<br />

** Ibid., 165-166. Similar descriptions may be found in other<br />

sources. See Zhbankov: The Influence <strong>of</strong> Industries Employing<br />

Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Workers on the Movement <strong>of</strong> the Population <strong>of</strong> Kostroma<br />

Gubernia in 1866-1883, Kostroma, 1887.—Urban Peasant Employments<br />

in Soligalich Uyezd, Kostroma Gubernia, in Yuridichesky Vestnik,<br />

1890, No. 9.—Women’s Country, Kostroma, 1891.—Essay in Drafting a<br />

General Programme for the Investigation <strong>of</strong> Peasant Outside Employments.—Industries<br />

Employing Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Workers in Smolensk<br />

Gubernia in 1892-1895, Smolensk, 1896.—The Influence <strong>of</strong> Industries<br />

Employing Migra<strong>to</strong>ry Workers on the Movement <strong>of</strong> the Population,<br />

in Vrach (Physician), 1895, No. 25.—See also above-mentioned Survey<br />

<strong>of</strong> Yaroslavl Gubernia, Transactions <strong>of</strong> the Handicraft Commission,<br />

Statistical Survey <strong>of</strong> Kaluga Gubernia for 1896, Kaluga, 1897; Agricultural<br />

Survey <strong>of</strong> Nizhni-Novgorod Gubernia for 1896, Nizhni-<br />

Novgorod, 1897, and other Zemstvo statistical publications.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!