Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
481
only apparent. If the data for 1879 and 1890 are made comparable,
i.e., if we exclude establishments with an output
of less than 2,000 rubles (not included in the lists) we get
for 1879: 272 works, with 2,941 workers and an output
totalling 5,771,000 rubles, and for 1890—379 works, with
4,741 workers and an output totalling 12,232,000 rubles.
That large-scale machine industry has developed in this
trade no less rapidly than in flour-milling is evident, for
example, from the statistics for steam-engines; in 1875-1878
there were 27 steam-powered works, with 28 steamengines
of 521 h.p., while in 1890 there were 113 mechanised
works, with 116 steam-engines totalling 1,886 h.p.
The other trades of this group are relatively small. Let
us note that in the mustard and fish-products trades, for
instance, the statistics of the 60s included hundreds of
small establishments such as have nothing whatever in
common with factories and are now not classed as such.
The extent to which our factory statistics for various years
need correction is evident from the following: with the
exception of flour-milling, the Directory for 1879 gave
in this section a total of 3,555 establishments with 15,313
workers, and for 1890—1,842 establishments with 19,159
workers. For 7 trades,* small establishments (with an output
of less than 2,000 rubles) were included as follows: in 1879—
2,487 with 5,176 workers and an output totalling 916,000
rubles and in 1890, seven establishments, employing ten
workers and with an output totalling two thousand rubles!
To make the data comparable, one should, consequently,
subtract in one case five thousand workers, and in the
other, ten persons!
6) E x c i s e - P a y i n g a n d O t h e r T r a d e s
In some of the excise-paying trades we observe a
decrease in the number of factory workers between the 1860s
and the present day, but the decrease is not nearly as
considerable as is asserted by Mr. N. —on,** who blindly
* Oil-pressing, starch, treacle, malt, confectionery, preserves and
vinegar.
** Russkoye Bogatstvo, 1894, No. 6, pp. 104-105.