Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
535
handles for joiners’ and fitters’ tools,* the making of brads for
footwear factories, and of “tanning” for leather works, etc.,**
the weaving of bast-matting for the packing of factory wares
(in the Kostroma and other gubernias), the making of “sticks”
for matches (in the Ryazan, Kaluga and other gubernias),
cardboard-box making for tobacco factories (in the environs
of St. Petersburg),*** the making of wood-dust for
vinegar factories,**** the spinning of waste yarn in small
spinning sheds (in Lodz), which has developed owing to the
demand created by the big mills,(*) etc., etc. All these
small industrialists, like the wage-workers referred to above,
belong either to the industrial population of factory centres,
or to the semi-agricultural population of the surrounding
villages. Furthermore, when a factory’s work is limited to
the production of a semi-manufactured article, small industries
are sometimes called into existence which engage in
treating it further; for example, machine spinning has
given an impetus to handicraft weaving, and “handicraft”
producers of metal goods cluster around ironworks, etc.
Finally, capitalist domestic industry is often an appendage
to the factory.(**) The epoch of large-scale machine industry
is marked in all countries by the extensive development of
capitalist domestic industry in such branches as, for
* Ibid., Vol. IX, in the suburban volosts of Tula Uyezd.
** In Perm Gubernia, near the town of Kungur, in Tver
Gubernia in the village of Kimry, etc.
*** See Report of the Zemstvo Board of the St. Petersburg Uyezd
for 1889. Mr. Voinov’s report on Medical District V.
**** Reports and Investigations, I, p. 360.
(*) Reports of Inquiry into Factory Industry in the Kingdom of
Poland, St. Petersburg, 1888, p. 24.
(**) In the List we counted 16 factories, each employing 1,000
and more workers on their premises, which had additionally a total
of 7,857 outside workers. Fourteen factories, each with from 500
to 999 workers, employed 1,352 outside workers. The registration
of outside work by the List is quite haphazard and full of gaps. The
Collection of Factory Inspectors’ Reports estimates for 1903 a total of
632 work-distributing offices, giving work to 65,115 workers. These
data are very incomplete, of course; nevertheless, it is characteristic
that the overwhelming majority of these offices, and the workers they
employ, relate to centres of factory industry (Moscow area: 503 offices
49,345 workers; Saratov Gubernia—Sarpinka fabrics—33 offices, 10,000
workers). (Note to 2nd edition.)