Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

346
V. I. LENIN
resort to the hire of rural workers). The table covers a total
of 37 industries, with 2,278 establishments and 11,833
employed and an aggregate output valued at over 5 million
rubles; but if we subtract the 4 industries not included in the
general list because of incompleteness of data, or because
of their exceptional character,* there is a total of 33 industries,
2,085 establishments, 9,427 workers and an aggregate
output of 3,466,000 rubles, or, with corrections (in the case
of 2 industries), about 3w million rubles.
Since there is no need to examine the data for all the 33
industries, and as it would be too arduous a task, we have
divided these industries into four categories: 1) 9 industries
with an average of 1.6 to 2.5 workers (family and hired
combined) per establishment; 2) 9 industries with an average
of 2.7 to 4.4 workers; 3) 10 industries with an average of
5.1 to 8.4 workers; and 4) 5 industries with an average of
11.5 to 17.8 workers. Thus, in each category we have combined
industries that are fairly similar as regards the number
of workers per establishment, and in our further exposition
we shall limit ourselves to the data for these four categories
of industries. We give these data in extenso. (See Table on
p. 347.)
This table combines those principal data on the relations
between the top and bottom grades of handicraftsmen
that will serve us for our subsequent conclusions.
We can illustrate the summarised data for all four categories
with a chart drawn up in exactly the same way as the
one with which, in Chapter II, we illustrated the differentiation
of the agricultural peasantry. We ascertain what
percentage each grade constitutes of the total number of
establishments, of the total number of family workers, of
the total number of establishments with wage-workers, of
the total number of workers (family and wage combined),
of the aggregate output and of the total number of wageworkers,
and we indicate these percentages (in the manner
described in Chapter II) on the chart (see chart on p. 349).
* On these grounds the pottery “industry,” in which 20 establishments
employ 1,817 wage-workers, has been excluded. It is characteristic
of the confusion of terms prevailing among us that the Moscow
statisticians included this industry, too, among the “handicraft”
industries (see combined tables in Part III of Vol. VII, loc. cit.).