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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA<br />

Y e a r s<br />

No. <strong>of</strong> inhabitants<br />

<strong>of</strong> Russia<br />

Value <strong>of</strong> exportsValue <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal<br />

and imports foreign trade<br />

without Finland combined (mil- turnover per<br />

(millions) lion credit rubles) inhabitant<br />

(rubles)<br />

1856-1860 69.0 314.0 4.55<br />

1861-1865 73.8 347.0 4.70<br />

1866-1870 79.4 554.2 7.00<br />

1871-1875 86.0 831.1 9.66<br />

1876-1880 93.4 1,054.8 11.29<br />

1881-1885 100.6 1,107.1 11.00<br />

1886-1890 108.9 1,090.3 10.02<br />

1897-1901 130.6 1,322.4 10.11<br />

555<br />

The following data give a general idea <strong>of</strong> the volume <strong>of</strong><br />

bank turnover and capital accumulation. Total withdrawals<br />

from the State Bank rose from 113 million rubles in<br />

1860-1863 (170 million rubles in 1864-1868) <strong>to</strong> 620 million<br />

rubles in 1884-1888, and <strong>to</strong>tal deposits on current<br />

account from 335 million rubles in 1864-1868 <strong>to</strong> 1,495<br />

million rubles in 1884-1888.* The turnover <strong>of</strong> loan and<br />

savings societies and banks (rural and industrial) grew from<br />

2w million rubles in 1872 (21.8 million rubles in 1875) <strong>to</strong><br />

82.6 million rubles in 1892., and 189.6 million rubles in<br />

1903.** Mortgages increased from 1889 <strong>to</strong> 1894 as follows:<br />

the assessment <strong>of</strong> mortgaged land rose from 1,395 million<br />

rubles <strong>to</strong> 1,827 million rubles, and <strong>to</strong>tal loans from 791<br />

million rubles <strong>to</strong> 1,044 million rubles.*** The operations<br />

<strong>of</strong> savings banks grew particularly in the 80s and 90s. In<br />

1880 there were 75 savings banks, in 1897—4,315 (<strong>of</strong> which<br />

3,454 were post-<strong>of</strong>fice banks). In 1880, deposits amounted <strong>to</strong><br />

4.4 million rubles, in 1897 <strong>to</strong> 276.6 million rubles. Balance<br />

on account at the end <strong>of</strong> the year <strong>to</strong>talled 9.0 million rubles<br />

in 1880, and 494.3 million rubles in 1897. The annual capital<br />

increase is particularly striking in the famine years<br />

1891 and 1892 (52.9 and 50.5 million rubles), and in the<br />

last two years (1896—51.6 million rubles; 1897—65.5 million<br />

rubles).****<br />

* Returns for Russia, 1890, CIX.<br />

** Returns for Russia, 1896. Table CXXVII.<br />

*** Ibid.<br />

**** Vestnik Finansov, 1898, No. 26.

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