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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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410<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

The industry is a very old one, having existed since the<br />

16th century. Since the Reform, it has continued <strong>to</strong> grow<br />

and develop. In the early 70s Pletnev counted 4 volosts<br />

in the area covered by this industry, but in 1888 the area<br />

included 9 volosts. Basically the organisation <strong>of</strong> the<br />

industry is as follows. It is headed by the owners <strong>of</strong> big workshops<br />

employing wage-workers; they distribute the cut-out<br />

leather <strong>to</strong> be made up by outside workers. Mr. Pletnev<br />

counted 20 such masters, employing 124 adults and 60 boys,<br />

with an output <strong>to</strong>talling 818,000 rubles, while the number <strong>of</strong><br />

workers occupied at home for these capitalists is estimated<br />

by the author approximately at 1,769 adults and 1,833 boys.<br />

Then come the small masters, each with 1 <strong>to</strong> 5 wage-workers<br />

and 1 <strong>to</strong> 3 boys. These masters dispose <strong>of</strong> their goods<br />

mainly in the village market in Kimry; they number 224<br />

and have 460 adults and 301 boys working for them; output<br />

<strong>to</strong>tals 187,000 rubles. Hence, there are 244 masters al<strong>to</strong>gether,<br />

employing 2,353 adults (<strong>of</strong> whom 1,769 work at home)<br />

and 2,194 boys (<strong>of</strong> whom 1,833 work at home), with an output<br />

<strong>to</strong>talling 1,005,000 rubles. Further, there are workshops<br />

which do various individual operations: currying (skin-cleaning<br />

with scraper); chipping (gluing <strong>of</strong> chips left from currying);<br />

special carting (4 masters, with 16 employees and up<br />

<strong>to</strong> 50 horses); special carpentry (box-making), etc.* Pletnev<br />

calculated the <strong>to</strong>tal output at 4.7 million rubles for<br />

the whole district. In 1881 the number <strong>of</strong> handicraftsmen<br />

was computed at 10,638, and with migrants, 26,000, with<br />

an output <strong>to</strong>talling 3.7 million rubles. As <strong>to</strong> conditions<br />

statistics and facts <strong>of</strong> the people’s life, but give a less satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry<br />

exposition <strong>of</strong> the economic structure <strong>of</strong> this complex industry. See,<br />

further, Transactions <strong>of</strong> the Handicraft Commission, <strong>Vol</strong>. VIII,<br />

article by Mr. Pokrovsky.—Reports and Investigations, <strong>Vol</strong>. I.<br />

* Cf. Reports and Investigations: 7 groups <strong>of</strong> industrialists: 1)<br />

traders in leather goods; 2) buyers-up <strong>of</strong> footwear; 3) masters <strong>of</strong> big<br />

workshops (5-6 <strong>of</strong> them), who s<strong>to</strong>ck leather and distribute it <strong>to</strong> home<br />

workers; 4) masters <strong>of</strong> small workshops employing wage-workers;<br />

also give out material <strong>to</strong> home workers; 5) one-man establishments—<br />

working either for the market or for masters (sub 3 and 4); 6) wageworkers<br />

(craftsmen, journeymen, boys); 7) “last-makers, notchers, and<br />

also owners and workers in currying, greasing and gluing workshops”<br />

(p. 227, loc. cit.). The population <strong>of</strong> Kimry village, according <strong>to</strong> the<br />

1897 census, is 7,017.

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