Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

502
V. I. LENIN
Inde- MembersTotal
pendent of popufamilieslation
O c c u p a t i o n sB o t h s e x e s
a) Government officials and armed
forces. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Clergy and liberal professions . .
c) Rentiers and pensioners . . . . .
1.5
0.7
1.3
0.7
0.9
0.9
2.2
1.6
2.2
d) Persons in custody, prostitutes,
indefinite, unknown. . . . . . . 0.6 0.3 0.9
Total unproductive population . . 4.1 2.8 6.9
e) Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . .
f) Railways and communication . .
1.6
0.7
3.4
1.2
5.0
1.9
g) Private service, domestic servants,
and day labours. . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.4 5.8
Total semi-productive population 5.7 7.0 12.7
h)
i)
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . .
Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.2
5.2
75.5
7.1
93.7
12.3
Total productive population . . . 23.4 82.6 106.0
Grand total . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 92.4 125.6
Needless to say, these data fully confirm what has been
said above regarding the absurdity of the Narodnik device
of comparing the number of factory workers with the whole
population.
It will be interesting, first of all, to group the data
on the occupational distribution of the whole population
of Russia, in a way that will illustrate the division of
social labour as the basis of the whole of commodity production
and capitalism in Russia. From this point of view,
the entire population should be distributed into three
large subdivisions: I. Agricultural. II. Commercial and
industrial. III. Unproductive (more precisely, not participating
in economic activity). Of the nine groups given
(a to i), only one cannot be directly and entirely
assigned to any one of these three main subdivisions. That
is group g: private service, domestic servants and day
labourers. This group has to be distributed approximately
between the commercial-and-industrial and the agricultural
population. We have assigned to the former the
section of this group which is shown as residing in towns