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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA<br />

Groups <strong>of</strong> householders<br />

% <strong>of</strong> householders<br />

employing<br />

hired<br />

labourers<br />

With no draught animals . . . . . . . 0.7 71.4<br />

” 1 ” animal . . . . . . . 0.6 48.7<br />

” 2–3 ” animals . . . . . . . 1.3 20.4<br />

” 4 ” ” . . . . . . . 4.8 8.5<br />

” 5–20 ” ” . . . . . . . 20.3 5.0<br />

” 10–20 ” ” . . . . . . . 62.0 3.9<br />

” 20 and<br />

more ” ” . . . . . . . 90.1 2.0<br />

FROM MARX<br />

TO MAO<br />

% <strong>of</strong> working<br />

males<br />

engaged in<br />

agricultural<br />

industries<br />

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 25.0<br />

We suggest that the reader compare the arguments <strong>of</strong> our<br />

Narodniks with these data regarding the process <strong>of</strong> the<br />

�⋆<br />

formation <strong>of</strong> the home market. . . . “If the muzhik is prosperous,<br />

the fac<strong>to</strong>ry flourishes, and vice versa” (V. V., Progressive<br />

Trends, p. 9). Mr. V. V. is evidently not in the least interested<br />

in the social form <strong>of</strong> the wealth which the “fac<strong>to</strong>ry”<br />

needs and which is created only by the conversion <strong>of</strong> the<br />

product and the means <strong>of</strong> production, on the one hand, and <strong>of</strong><br />

labour-power, on the other, in<strong>to</strong> a commodity. Mr. N. —on,<br />

when speaking <strong>of</strong> the sale <strong>of</strong> grain, consoles himself with<br />

the thought that this grain is produced by the “muzhikfarmer”<br />

(Sketches, NOT p. 24), that FOR by transporting this grain<br />

“the railways live at the expense <strong>of</strong> the muzhik” (p. 16).<br />

Really, are not COMMERCIAL<br />

these “community-member” capitalists<br />

“muzhiks”? “Some day we shall have occasion <strong>to</strong> point out,”<br />

wrote Mr. N. —on in 1880, and reprinted it in 1893, “that<br />

in the localities DISTRIBUTION<br />

where communal land tenure prevails, agriculture<br />

based on capitalist principles is almost completely<br />

absent (sic!!) and that it is possible only where communal<br />

ties have either been entirely broken or are breaking down”<br />

(p. 59). Mr. N. —on has never had this “occasion,” nor could<br />

he have had, for the facts point precisely <strong>to</strong> the development<br />

<strong>of</strong> capitalist agriculture among “community members”* and<br />

* Novouzensk Uyezd, which we have taken as an illustration,<br />

reveals a particular “tenacity <strong>of</strong> the village community” (<strong>to</strong> use the<br />

terminology <strong>of</strong> Messrs. V. V. & Co.): from the table in the Combined<br />

Returns (p. 26) we find that in this uyezd 60% <strong>of</strong> the communities have<br />

redivided the land, whereas in the other uyezds only 11 <strong>to</strong> 23% have<br />

done so (for the gubernia 13.8% <strong>of</strong> the communities).<br />

91

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