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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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466<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

Let us observe, incidentally, that the data <strong>of</strong> the local<br />

gubernia statistical committees (which are used for the<br />

guberna<strong>to</strong>rial reports) are always distinguished by the<br />

utter vagueness <strong>of</strong> the term “fac<strong>to</strong>ry-and-works” and by the<br />

casual registration <strong>of</strong> small establishments. Thus, in<br />

Smolensk Gubernia, for 1893-94, some uyezds counted<br />

dozens <strong>of</strong> small oil-presses as fac<strong>to</strong>ries, while others did not<br />

count any; the number <strong>of</strong> tar “works” in the gubernia was<br />

given as 152 (according <strong>to</strong> Direc<strong>to</strong>ry for 1890, not one),<br />

with the same casual registration in the various uyezds,<br />

etc.* For Yaroslavl Gubernia, the local statisticians in<br />

the 90s gave the number <strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ries as 3,376 (against 472<br />

in the Direc<strong>to</strong>ry for 1890), including (for some uyezds)<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> flour-mills, smithies, small pota<strong>to</strong>-processing<br />

works, etc.**<br />

Quite recently our fac<strong>to</strong>ry statistics have undergone a<br />

reform which has changed the plan for the gathering <strong>of</strong><br />

information, changed the significance <strong>of</strong> the term “fac<strong>to</strong>ryand-works”<br />

(new criteria have been adopted; the presence<br />

<strong>of</strong> an engine or <strong>of</strong> not less than 15 workers), and enlisted<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>ry inspec<strong>to</strong>rs in the work <strong>of</strong> gathering and verifying<br />

information. We refer the reader for details <strong>to</strong> the abovementioned<br />

article in our Studies*** where a detailed<br />

examination is made <strong>of</strong> the List <strong>of</strong> Fac<strong>to</strong>ries and <strong>Works</strong><br />

(St. Petersburg, 1897)**** compiled according <strong>to</strong> the new<br />

plan, and where it is shown that despite the reform,<br />

improvements in our fac<strong>to</strong>ry statistics are scarcely noticeable;<br />

that the term “fac<strong>to</strong>ry-and-works” has remained absolutely<br />

vague; that the data are very <strong>of</strong>ten still quite haphazard<br />

and must, therefore, be handled with extreme caution.(*)<br />

* Data from Mr. D Zhbankov’s Sanitary Investigation <strong>of</strong><br />

Fac<strong>to</strong>ries and <strong>Works</strong> <strong>of</strong> Smolensk Gubernia (Smolensk, <strong>Vol</strong>. I, 1896).<br />

** Survey <strong>of</strong> Yaroslavl Gubernia, <strong>Vol</strong>. II, Yaroslavl, 1896.<br />

Cf. also Tula Gubernia Handbook for 1895 (Tula, 1895), Sec. VI;<br />

pp. 14-15: Fac<strong>to</strong>ry Returns for 1893.<br />

*** See present edition, <strong>Vol</strong>. 4, “On the Question <strong>of</strong> Our Fac<strong>to</strong>ry<br />

Statistics.”—Ed.<br />

**** According <strong>to</strong> Mr. Karyshev’s calculations, the <strong>to</strong>tals <strong>of</strong> the<br />

figures given in the List relating <strong>to</strong> European Russia are: 14,578<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>ries, with 885,555 workers and an output <strong>to</strong>talling 1,345,346,000<br />

rubles.<br />

(* ) The collections <strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ry inspec<strong>to</strong>rs’ reports published by<br />

the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Commerce and Industry (for 1901-1903) give data on

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