Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

354
V. I. LENIN
establishments in 7 industries we get the following picture
of the relations between the small and big establishments.*
Establishments
Number of establishments
family
Number
of workers
hired
total
Gross income Wages Net Income
total
per
worker
RublesRublesRubles
All establishments
735 1,587 837 2,424 239,837 98.9 28,985 34.5 69,027 43
Big ones53 65 366 401 117,870 293 16,215 48.2 22,529 346
The rest 682 1,522 501 2,023 121,967 60.2 12,770 25.4 46,498 30.5
An insignificant number of big establishments (less than
0 of the total number), which employ about 5 of the
total number of workers, account for almost half the total
output and nearly e of the total income (combining the
workers’ wages and the employers’ incomes). The small
proprietors obtain a net income considerably below the
wages of the hired workers employed in the big establishments;
elsewhere we have shown in detail that this
phenomenon is no exception but is a general rule for small
peasant industries.**
* See our Studies, p. 153 and foll. (see present edition, Vol. 2,
The Handicraft Census of 1894-95 in Perm Gubernia.—Ed.) where data
are given for each industry separately. Let us note that all these data
refer to handicraftsmen cultivators who work for the market.
** From the data given in the text it can be seen that in the small
peasant industries a tremendous, and even predominant, part is
played by establishments with an output exceeding 1,000 rubles.
Let us recall that in our official statistics establishments of this kind
have always been, and still are, classed among “factories and works”
[cf. Studies, pp. 267 and 270 (see present edition, Vol. 4, “On the
Question of Our Factory Statistics.”—Ed.) and Chapter VII, §II].
Thus, if we thought it permissible for an economist to use the current,
traditional terminology beyond which our Narodniks have never gone,
we would be entitled to establish the following “law”: among peasant,
“handicraft” establishments a predominant part is played by “factories
and works,” not included in official statistics because of their
unsatisfactory nature.
total
per wageworker
total
per family
worker