Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA
373
upon him” (Transactions of the Handicraft Commission,
III, 65). The furriers “are bad farmers,” but here too we must
single out the bigger proprietors who “rent land from their
poor fellow-villagers,” etc. The following is a summary of
typical budgets of furriers of different groups:
Types
of familiesaccording
to economic
strength
No. of persons, both sexes
Workers male
Wage
work
ers
Land (dess.)
Rented
Land
Leased
in kind
Income (in rubles)
in cash
from
Expenditure
(in rubles)
Rich 14 3 2
hired
19 5 — 212.8 697 409.8 500 909.8 212.8 503 715.8 +194 70
Medium 10 2 — 16 — — 88* 120 138 70 208 88 124 212 —4 58
Poor 7 2 hiring
themselves
out
6 — 6 15* 75 50 40 90 15 111 126 —36 88
The parallel process of differentiation of the agriculturists
and industrialists stands out here in bold relief.
Concerning the blacksmiths, the investigator says that
“industry is more important than agriculture” for the rich
masters, on the one hand, and for the “landless” labourers,
on the other (ibid., IV, 168).
In Industries of Vladimir Gubernia the question of the
relation between industry and agriculture is dealt with much
more thoroughly than in any other work of investigation.
For a whole number of industries precise data are given on
the farms, not only of “handicraftsmen” in general (such “average”
figures, as is clear from all the aforesaid, are quite
fictitious), but of the various grades and groups of “handicraftsmen,”
such as: big masters, small masters, wage-
* Transactions of the Handicraft Commission, III, 38, and foll.
The figures are approximate and have been arrived at on the author’s
estimate as to how long the family’s own grain suffices.
agriculture
industry
total
in kind
in cash
total
Balance
Cash expenditure as %