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Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 3 - From Marx to Mao

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302<br />

V. I. LENIN<br />

Almost half the area under <strong>to</strong>bacco (3,200 dess. out <strong>of</strong><br />

6,800) belongs <strong>to</strong> these farms, the average per farm being<br />

over 1 dessiatine, whereas for all the other groups the area<br />

under <strong>to</strong>bacco does not exceed one- <strong>to</strong> two-tenths <strong>of</strong> a<br />

dessiatine per household.<br />

Mr. Shcherbachov, in addition, gives data showing the<br />

same farms grouped according <strong>to</strong> area under <strong>to</strong>bacco:<br />

Groups <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>bacco plantations<br />

No. <strong>of</strong><br />

plantations<br />

Area under<br />

<strong>to</strong>bacco<br />

(dessiatines)<br />

0.01 dess and less . . . . . . . . 2,919 30<br />

<strong>From</strong> 0.01 <strong>to</strong> 0.10 dess. . . . . . . 9,078 492<br />

” 0.10 <strong>to</strong> 0.25 ” . . . . . . 5,989 931<br />

” 0.25 <strong>to</strong> 0.50 ” . . . . . . 4,330 1,246<br />

” 0.50 <strong>to</strong> 1.00 ” . . . . . . 1,834 1,065<br />

” 1.00 <strong>to</strong> 2.00 ” . . . . . . 615 2,773 720 4,145<br />

” 2.00 and more ” . . . . . . 324 2,360<br />

Total . . . . . . . . . . . 25,089 6,844<br />

<strong>From</strong> this it can be seen that the concentration <strong>of</strong> the<br />

<strong>to</strong>bacco area is considerably greater than that <strong>of</strong> the cereal<br />

area. The branch <strong>of</strong> specifically commercial agriculture<br />

in this locality is concentrated in the hands <strong>of</strong><br />

capitalists <strong>to</strong> a greater extent than is agriculture in general.<br />

Out <strong>of</strong> 25,000 farms, 2,773 account for 4,145 dess. under<br />

<strong>to</strong>bacco out <strong>of</strong> 6,844 dess., or more than three-fifths. The<br />

biggest <strong>to</strong>bacco planters, numbering 324 (a little over<br />

one-tenth <strong>of</strong> all the planters), have 2,360 dess. under <strong>to</strong>bacco,<br />

or over one-third <strong>of</strong> the <strong>to</strong>tal area. This averages over<br />

7 dessiatines under <strong>to</strong>bacco per farm. To judge <strong>of</strong> the sort<br />

<strong>of</strong> farm it must be, let us recall that <strong>to</strong>bacco cultivation<br />

requires at least two workers for a period <strong>of</strong> 4 <strong>to</strong> 8 summer<br />

months, depending on the grade <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>bacco.<br />

The owner <strong>of</strong> 7 dessiatines under <strong>to</strong>bacco must therefore<br />

have at least 14 workers; in other words, he must<br />

undoubtedly base his farm on wage-labour. Some grades <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>to</strong>bacco require not two but three seasonal workers per dessiatine,<br />

and day labourers in addition. In a word, we see quite<br />

clearly that the greater the degree <strong>to</strong> which agriculture<br />

becomes commercial, the more highly developed is its capitalist<br />

organisation.<br />

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