Збірник тез XVI Міжнародно медичного конгресу студентів та ...

Josephine Nanu
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Institute of nursing, international nursing school, bachelourate nursing program
Supervisor: dr. N. Haliyash, md, bsn
Ternopil state medical university by i. Horbachevsky
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is an acute hypertensive state that develop after 20 th week of gestation. PIH is a
condition unique to pregnancy that occurs in 5% to 10% of pregnancies in the United States, despite years of research the
cause is still unknown. The incidence of PIH ranges from 3% to 7% in healthy primigravida and 1% to 3% in multigravida.
Although the PIH syndrome has been well characterized, and many studies indicate that hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial
cell dysfunction, and insufficient placentation are key features of this disorder.
Although the proportion of pregnancies with gestational hypertension and eclampsia has remained about the same in
the U.S. over the past decade, the rate of preeclampsia has increased by nearly one-third. This increase is due in part to a rise
in the primigravida, multiple births, where preeclampsia occurs more frequently. Its one of the leading causes of maternal,
fetal/neonatal mortality and mortality world wide. The triennial report of maternal deaths in the UK 1997-1999 (Lewis and Drife
2001), identified that the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were the second most common cause of maternal mortality with
2.5 deaths per million maternities from preeclampsia and 2.4 per million from eclampsia. There are five major categories of
hypertension during pregnancy: Chronic Hypertension, Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia
superimposed on chronic hypertension.
The research was focused on pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension of different age groups and parity
and data collection was use of medical records statistics from Giwa General Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The statistics were
collected from the medical record of three years period (2009-2011), which were analyzed in an organized table of percentages
and charts. Each item was analyzed and tabulated.
Table 1.
Incidence of PIH syndrome in dependence of primigravida and multigravida.
Parity Hypertension Pre-eclampsia Eclampsia Total
N=130 Absolute % Absolute % Absolute % %
Primigravida 0 0.0 49 37.7 35 26.9 64.6
Multigravida 1 0.8 22 16.9 23 17.7 35.4
Total 1 0.8 71 54.6 58 44.6 100
Conclusion. The hypothesis which state that there is high incidence of PIH in primigravida than multigravida was proven as it
shows above that 84 of the patients (64.61 %) were primigravida and 46 (35.39 %) were multigravida. There are more
occurrences of pre-eclampsia with 54.59 % while hypertension is rare because women don‘t go to hospital with slight signs and
symptoms until it becomes severe. The complications of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia could be prevented by more
widespread use of prenatal care, education of primary medical care personnel, prompt diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely
referral to tertiary medical centers. Early identification of women at risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension may help prevent
some complications of the disease. Education about the warning symptoms is also important because early recognition may
help women receive treatment and prevent worsening of the diseases.
Ijomah Vera Adaobi
THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE AND PERIOD OF WOMEN
Institute of nursing, international nursing school, bachelourate nursing program
Supervisor: dr. N. Haliyash, md, bsn
Ternopil state medical university by I.Horbachevsky. Ukraine
Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is
the fundamental feature of all known life; each individual exists as the result of reproduction. This research focused
more on sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction is one of the two basic manners in which organisms reproduce. Sexual reproduction,
takes two: It requires a male sex and a female sex, each of whom contributes a gamete (sex cell). The female sex
cell is the egg, and the male sex cell is the sperm .The egg and sperm unite to create a zygote, which contains the
genetic information from both parents. The reproductive age and period is the interval when a woman is capable of
reproducing or the fertile period of a woman. This starts from Menarche to Menopause.
This study was aimed at investigating the factors that affect the reproductive age and period of women, the
discrepancy between the reproductive age and period of Ukrainian and Nigerian women and the reason for this
discrepancy if any.
The method of study and data collection employed was the simple random sampling. Using questionnaires,
related background questions like menarcheal age, dietary habit, occupation, social habits like smoking, medical
history of reproduction and illness and infections and menopausal age. A total of 60 questionnaires were distributed
amongst Ukrainian and Nigerian women. I5 questionnaires were distributed to non-menopausal women and 15
questionnaires to menopausal women for each group respectively. Data were analyzed statistically to describe and
compare the two groups.
Within the scope of this study, it was revealed that, Ukrainian women have their menarche at the average
age of 13 years while Nigerian women have theirs at an average age of 12 years of age. It was also found that the
menopausal age of Nigerian women is at the average of 47 years and for Ukrainian women it is an average of 50
years of age. This study further revealed that Ukrainian women rarely have complications and infections that may
affect their reproductive period during and after delivery because of high standard of health care and early
detection and treatment of such. Whereas the Nigerian women had history of complications during pregnancy and
delivery and also recurrence of infections like hepatitis because of poor health care services which make this
problem invisible at the early stage. It was also seen that Ukrainian women had high history of menstrual
irregularities while Nigerian women had a less incidence of menstrual irregularities.
Based on the results obtained in this research work, it is likely that the discrepancy between the
reproductive age and period of Ukrainian and Nigerian women is caused by the dietary habit which is affected by
the economic standard, the social life of the women due to their weather conditions and their accessibility to good
health care services.
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