AMMONIUM SULFATE CAS N°: 7783-20-2
AMMONIUM SULFATE CAS N°: 7783-20-2
AMMONIUM SULFATE CAS N°: 7783-20-2
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OECD SIDS<br />
<strong>AMMONIUM</strong> <strong>SULFATE</strong><br />
5. TOXICITY ID: <strong>7783</strong>-<strong>20</strong>-2<br />
DATE: 18.04.<strong>20</strong>06<br />
Emphysema / 2/15 0/15 / 0/13 2/15 / 2/13 4/14 /<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------<br />
Alveolar. B / 8/15 0/15 / 9/13 15/15*/ 10/13 12/14 /<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------<br />
Bronch. EH / 6/15 13/15* / 0/13 0/15 / 0/13 0/14 /<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------<br />
NEC** counts / 27.7 32.7* / 24.8 30.0*/ 26.4 25.9 /<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------<br />
Chord length: / / / /<br />
Mean (mm) / 4.66 5.07* / 4.28 4.45 / 3.87 4.14*/<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------<br />
Chord length: / / / /<br />
Median(mm) / 4.29 4.47* / 3.71 3.99 / 3.60 3.92*/<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
N, Number of animals with effects/total number of animals<br />
Alveolar. B, alveloar birefringence<br />
Bronch. EH, bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia<br />
*, p < 0.05<br />
**, non-ciliated epithelial cells/standard area<br />
Test condition:<br />
AEROSOL ANALYSES: The overall mean values and standard<br />
deviations of the 190 daily average concentrations were<br />
0.496 +/- 0.027 mg/m3 for the ammonium sulfate-only<br />
exposures, with minimum and maximum daily mean concentrations<br />
of 0.38 and 0.67 mg/m3.<br />
The 40-week mean particle size distribution was 0.44 um<br />
(MMAD), GSD 2.2. The percentage of aerosol mass in particles<br />
equal to or smaller than 0.92 um averaged 86.1 +/- 3.15% for<br />
the ammonium sulfate-only exposures.<br />
Young adult specific pathogen free animals from Charles<br />
River Labs., Portage, MI) were used. To control exposure<br />
conditions as closely as possible, animals were introduced<br />
into chambers at intervals. Two shipments were spaced so as<br />
to provide animals comparable in age and weight for each<br />
exposure grouping. The first shipment of rats was used for<br />
morphologic evaluation and pulmonary function tests, and the<br />
second shipment was used for immunology studies. The rats were<br />
initially maintained in isolation and weighed weekly for 3<br />
weeks, after which they were randomly assigned to experimental<br />
groups so that no statistically significant<br />
differences existed among initial group mean body weights.<br />
Each rat was first assigned to one of two main groups for<br />
pretreatment (for normal and elastase-impaired lungs), after<br />
which its exposure group was designated.<br />
ANIMAL PRETREATMENT: 60 ether-anesthetized rats were<br />
pretreated with porcine-pancreatic elastase (EO 127, Sigma<br />
Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) by intratracheal instillation<br />
of 28 units elastase activity/ 100 g bw. one unit of<br />
elastase activity was defined as the amount of enzyme which<br />
hydrolyzed 1.0 mg of elastin-orcein at 37 degree C, at pH<br />
8.8, in <strong>20</strong> min. The total volume of the instillate was<br />
approximately 1 mL but varied slightly with animal weight.<br />
An additional 60 rats were similarly pretreated with<br />
physiologic saline. Animals designated for immunological<br />
tests did not receive the saline/elastase pretreatment.<br />
Following pretreatment, the animals were held for a 3-week<br />
recovery period, during which (as in the initial isolation<br />
period) they were maintained on tetracycline-treated<br />
UNEP PUBLICATIONS 167
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