AMMONIUM SULFATE CAS NÂ°: 7783-20-2

More documents

Recommendations

Info

OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Exposure of 13 healthy male volunteers to ammonium sulfate aerosol for four hours at a concentration of 0.133 mg/m 3 (MMAD 0.55 µm) produced no significant effects related to 19 measured pulmonary parameters, including specific airway resistance, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow (Stacy et al., 1983). No significant changes in pulmonary parameters were reported from healthy and asthmatic volunteers exposed for 2 hours to ammonium sulfate (0.1 - 0.3 mg/m 3 ; MMAD 0.3 - 0.6 µm) (Avol et al., 1979). At 1 mg sulfate/m 3 (MMAD 1 µm) ammonium sulfate inhaled for 16 minutes produced a small but significant decrease in expiratory flow in healthy subjects. Carbachol induced bronchoconstriction was slightly enhanced (no statistical evaluation) (Utell, Morrow and Hyde, 1982). A similar study with asthmatics exposed to 1 mg sulfate/m 3 as ammonium sulfate for 16 minutes found neither a significant decrease in specific airway conductance nor in forced expiratory volume in one second. Flow rates were not altered (Utell et al., 1983). Pulmonary function (measured by body plethysmography and spirometry), and bronchial reactivity to metacholine were not affected in 20 non-smoking volunteers after a 4-hour exposure to 0.5 mg/m³ ammonium sulfate. The exposures included two 15-minute light to moderate exercise stints per day in the exposure chamber (Kulle et al., 1984). In senior asthmatics a 40 min exposure to 70 µg ammonium sulfate/m 3 (MMAD 0.6 µm) did not have any significant effect on pulmonary function (Koenig et al., 1993). At 1 mg ammonium sulfate/m 3 a decrease in pulmonary flow resistance and decreased dynamic lung compliance were found in 4 healthy volunteers after 120 min of exposure (Frank et al., 1977). Oral A case of a fatal poisoning with ammonium sulfate was reported from an 85-year-old woman after drinking an unspecified amount of ammonium sulfate dissolved in beer in a suicidal attempt. Heart, lung, liver and kidney did not show any pathological findings on macro- and microscopical examination. There was mild petechial hemorrhage in the gastric fundic mucosa without any erosion or corrosion. In serum, ammonium and sulfate ions were significantly increased (25 000 µg/dl and 12.35 mEq/l, resp.; normal range 30 - 80µg/dl and 0.25 - 0.35 mEq/l, resp.) (Sato, Gonmori and Yoshioka, 1999). Because of their osmotic activity sulfate salts draw water into the lumen of the bowel and produce diarrhea in high doses (EPA, 2002). Conclusion Ammonium sulfate is of relatively low acute toxicity (LD 50 , oral, rat: 2000 - 4250 mg/kg bw; LD 50 dermal, rat/mouse > 2000 mg/kg bw; 8-h LC 50 , inhalation, rat > 1000 mg/m 3 ). Clinical signs after oral exposure included staggering, prostration, apathy, and laboured and irregular breathing immediately after dosing at doses near to or exceeding the LD 50 value. In humans, inhalation exposure to 0.1 – 0.5 mg ammonium sulfate/m 3 aerosol for two to four hours produced no pulmonary effects. At 1 mg ammonium sulfate/m 3 very slight pulmonary effects in the form of a decrease in expiratory flow, in pulmonary flow resistance and dynamic lung compliance were found in healthy volunteers after acute exposure. 18 UNEP PUBLICATIONS
OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 3.1.3 Irritation Skin Irritation Studies in Animals In rabbits (number not reported), single semiocclusive exposure for 20 hours or multiple exposures (8 h/day) on five consecutive days to the neat test substance (purity not reported) did not elicit any adverse effects on intact skin. Single exposure for 8 hours to scarified skin caused only slight redness, and slight edema. These effects were completely reversible within 8 days (BASF AG, 1968). In two rabbits, single exposure of up to 20 hours to an 80 % aqueous preparation of ammonium sulfate (“chemically pure”) was not irritating to the intact skin (BASF AG, 1969). Studies in Humans There are no studies in humans available. Eye Irritation Studies in Animals In two rabbits, slight edema and conjunctival redness was noted one hour after instillation of 50 mm 3 of the neat test substance (“chemically pure”) into the conjunctival sac. No edema, but still slight redness was present at 24 hours. In the eyes treated with talcum, effects similar to the treatment with the test substance were found one and 24 hours after exposure. No effects were noted at day 8 (BASF AG, 1969). Studies in Humans There are no studies in humans available. Respiratory Tract Irritation Studies in Animals There are no animal studies available. Studies in Humans see 3.1.2 Conclusion Neat ammonium sulfate was not irritating to the skin and eyes of rabbits. 3.1.4 Sensitisation There is no data available. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 19
Page 1 and 2: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE FOREWORD
Page 3 and 4: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 10. Comm
Page 5 and 6: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Similarl
Page 7 and 8: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Consumer
Page 9 and 10: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 1.3 Phys
Page 11 and 12: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE - in the
Page 13 and 14: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE The inte
Page 15 and 16: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 228 µg/
Page 17: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE also an
Page 21 and 22: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE A simila
Page 23 and 24: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE diarrhoe
Page 25 and 26: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 3.1.8 To
Page 27 and 28: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE oral exp
Page 29 and 30: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Table 3
Page 31 and 32: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE No test
Page 33 and 34: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE freshwat
Page 35 and 36: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Toxicity
Page 37 and 38: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Table 7
Page 39 and 40: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 6 REFERE
Page 41 and 42: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Gmelin (
Page 43 and 44: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE Sato A,
Page 45 and 46: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE I U C L
Page 47 and 48: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 1. GENER
Page 59 and 60: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 2. PHYSI
Page 65 and 66: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 3. ENVIR
Page 67 and 68: OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 3. ENVIR
Page 69 and 70:
OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 3. ENVIR
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 4. ECOTO
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 5. TOXIC
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
OECD SIDS AMMONIUM SULFATE 6. REFER
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231:
show all

AMMONIUM SULFATE CAS NÂ°: 7783-20-2

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?