RESEARCH METHOD COHEN ok

580 MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT
Box 25.15
Person concept coding system
Dimension
Descriptiveness
Personal involvement
Evaluative consistency
Depth
Levels of descriptiveness
1 Undifferentiating...(person not differentiated from his or her environment)
2 Simple differentiating...(person differentiated in simple global terms)
3 Differentiating...(person differentiated in specific characteristics)
4 Dispositional...(person differentiated in terms of traits)
Degrees of involvement
1 Egocentric...(other person described in self-oriented terms)
2 Mutual...(other person described in terms of his or her relationship to perceiver)
3 Other oriented...(no personal involvement expressed by perceiver)
Amount of consistency
1 Consistent...(nothing favourable about ‘disliked’, nothing unfavourable about ‘liked’)
2 Inconsistent...(some mixture of favourableness and unfavourableness)
Levels of depth
Level 1 (includes all undifferentiated and simple differentiated descriptions)
Level 2 (includes differentiated and some dispositional descriptions)
Level 3 (includes explanation-type differentiated and dispositional descriptions)
Source:adaptedfromPeeversandSecord1973
Three types of marginals can be obtained from Box
25.18 by:
1 Summing over two variables to give the
marginal totals for the third. Thus:
n ++k = summing over sex and voting preference
to give social class, for example:
n 111 + n 121 + n 211 + n 221 = 230 (middle class)
n 112 + n 122 + n 212 + n 222 = 320 (working class)
n +j+ = summing over sex and social class to
give voting preference
n i++ = summing over voting preference and
social class to give sex.
2 Summing over one variable to give the
marginal totals for the second and third
variables. Thus:
n +11 = 180 (middle-class Conservative)
n +21 = 50 (middle-class Labour)
n +12 = 80 (working-class Conservative)
n +22 = 240 (working-class Labour)
3 Summing over all three variables to give the
grand total. Thus:
n +++ = 550 = N
Using the chi-square test in a three-way
classification table
Whiteley (1983) shows how easy it is to extend
the 2 × 2chi-squaretesttothethree-waycase.
The probability that an individual taken from the
sample at random in Box 25.17 will be a woman is:
p 2++ = n 2++
n +++
= 270
550 = 0.49
and the probability that a respondent’s voting
preference will be Labour is:
p +2+ = n +2+
n +++
= 290
550 = 0.53
and the probability that a respondent will be
working class is:
p ++2 = n ++2
n +++
= 320
550 = 0.58
To determine the expected probability of an
individual being a woman, Labour supporter and