Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractTHE INFLUENCE OF THE DRIP IRRIGATION ON THE PHYSICALAND CHEMICAL APPLE CHARACTERISTICSNicoleta OLTENACU, Ctlin Viorel OLTENACUUniversity of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,59 Mrti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, RomaniaCorresponding author email: nicoleta_oltenacu@yahoo.comThe premise of scientific and technical experiments was to evaluate the behaviour during the winter storage of the 2cultivars of apples (Generos and Florina) introduced into experimental and comparison with other cultivars. The dripirrigation was started from March 20, administering daily for 4 hours. Recommended watering periods, depending onthe weather of the year are:5-15 of March; 1-15 of May (after the fruit tying); 15-25 of July; 10-15 of September; 1-15of November, the supply. The needed water norms are between 300 and 700 m 3 /ha.Key words: chemical, irrigation, organoleptic, physical, storage.INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSInfluence of drip irrigation on productionquality is the effect on the nutritional and foodvalue of fruits (Atkinson D., 1977; Gherghi et.al., 1972). Nutritional and food value of thefruits represents the purpose for growing fruitTo establish the ability to maintain quality freshapples were taken 5 homologated cultivars, ofwhich Generos and Florina disease-resistantand Jonathan, Golden Delicious and Idared,with widespread in the current assortment intrees, fruit bushes and strawberries as our country. Fruits were kept after harvesting asupplements of vitamins, sugars, minerals,acids and energy (calories) needed for properperiod of about 50-60 days, depending oncultivar, in the storage spaces of the resort,body growth and development (Botu, 2003). In from where they were then taken foraddition, the fruits also contain magnesium, experiments and refrigerated in storagemanganese, copper, zinc and iron, as well asthe important minerals in the diet (Gherghi A.,1983)Apples in controlled storage conditions canprolong the storage period of 3-9 monthswithout losing its qualities. Storage andconsumption during the same organolepticcharacteristics depend on the terms offered andconditions (t=0...+4°C, RH = 90-95%) over aperiod of 110 days in cold storage ofBelciugatele Didactic Station, located insidethe Moara Domneasca Farm.After removal from storage were madedeterminations regarding the following:- the quantitative and qualitative lossesrecorded by the fruit during storage;the particular cultivar. It is known that during - modifying fruit firmness (penetrometerstorage, the apples suffer structural-texturalchanges that are produced slower or fasterdepending on the characteristics of cultivarsdetermined) during storage;- evolution of the main chemical componentsof the apples during storage;and storage conditions (Gherghi A et. all., - organoleptic assessment (appearance,2001). When apples with great firmness atharvest are stored in controlled atmospherestorage, they can use the same value until thenext harvest of early cultivars (Gherghi A.,firmness, taste) of fruit after storage.The premise of the scientific and technicalexperiments was to assess behavior duringwinter storage of the 2 cultivars of apples1989).introduced in the experimentation andcomparison with other cultivars. Existence of99
optimal flow experience across storage-keepingwith reference to standardized packaging units,space conditioning, refrigeration thermostaticcell, organoleptic testing laboratory, equipmentand devices for measurements and analyzesprovided made it possible to achieve this goal.The experiments were conducted in 5 differentcomparative variants based on the mentionedcultivars, with 3 repetitions pervariant.During storage it has been made thedaily examination of the thermal-hydric factorsin the refrigeration room, for ensuring thatoptimal conditions to maintain quality(temperature 0 ... 4 0 C and RH 90 .. 95%). Alsowe proceeded to assess the ability to maintainfruit quality by findings the appearancechanges occurred regarding dehydration, theappearance and evolution of different storagedisease. Taking into account the high degree ofmaturity of the fruit during storage and qualitychanges occurring during storage it wasestimated that during cold storage the limit is110 days. After removing apples from thestorage space the determinations wereperformed on the table and impairment losses(spoilage) and fruit firmness, biochemicalanalysis of the main components andorganoleptic testing at this stage. Determinationof mass loss and spoilage during storageproducts was done by weighing samples of fruitresulted, respectively the fruit impaired(spoiled) during storage, compared with theinitial amount deposited, the results beingexpressed as a percentage.Fruit firmness was made manual with apenetrometer piston type Effe-gi 1 mm, on atotal of 25 fruits per variant, each fruit waspenetrated at 4 points in the equatorial zoneafter removing the epidermis in those points.Tests for the main chemical components (drysubstance, total sugar, titratable acidity andascorbic acid) were performed by standardlaboratory methods as follows:- dry substance was determined byrefractometry method using ABB tablerefractometer with results expressed in%:- total sugar by Berthrand method with resultsexpressed in %;- acidity by titrimetric method with resultsexpressed in % of malic acid;- vitamin C (ascorbic acid) byspectrophotometer method, using UV-VISSpecol spectrophotometer and expression inmg/100g.To assess organoleptic tasting were performedusing the tasting sheets that contain a numberof three assessment criteria (appearance,texture, taste). Notation (appreciation) wasperformed using 100 points scale. Each of thethree assessment criteria has different weight ingeneral notation, depending on theirimportance. Thus 'the aspect' represents 15%,'texture' 35% and taste 50%. Depending on thescore achieved 5 quality classes, according toTable 1.Table 1. Classification of fruit after scoringRating (quality category)Scorevery good 80-100good 60- 79acceptable 40-59mediocre 20-39inappropriate 0-19RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSInfluence of drip irrigation on quantitativeand qualitative lossesThe results of the quantitative and qualitativelosses recorded by the fruit during storage atthe experimental variants are presented inTable 2.Table 2. Losses while preserving applesVar CultivarLosses (%) Remarks onTotalWeight Damage damaged fruits3.54 % grayrottennessV1 Jonathan 19.28 7.41 11.878.33% internalcollapseGoldenV224.20 8.62 15.58 gray rottennessDeliciousV3 Idared 17.55 5.17 12.38 gray rottenness4.26 % grayV4 Florina 14.66 5.88 9.08 rottenness4.82% heart rotV5 Generos 5.94 5.94 - - AVERAGE 16.33 6.60 9.78The data presented shows that total lossesduring storage are between 5.94-24.20%(depending on cultivar), with an average of16.33%. Weight loss varies between 5.17-8.62% with an average of 6.6% and by spoilingfrom 0-15.58% with an average 9.8%.The lowest total losses (5.94%) are recorded onGeneros cultivar (Figure 1).100
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Total production on plantV
Page 51 and 52: vineyard, several methods were used
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. Structure and number and r
Page 56 and 57: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 58 and 59: gets serious role through the ferme
Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Element content of the ber
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. The length of internodes
Page 68 and 69: The process of fruit forming was de
Page 72 and 73: Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Page 81 and 82: and quality of organic potatoes for
Page 83 and 84: Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
Page 85 and 86: Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
Page 90 and 91: Analyzing the dynamics of the total
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
Page 96 and 97: Table 3. The Influence of the level
Page 98 and 99: Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
Page 102 and 103: Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
Page 104: Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
Page 107 and 108: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
Page 109 and 110: CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
Page 111 and 112: observations were made on phenologi
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
Page 118 and 119: content, A-acidity content) to the
Page 120 and 121: sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
Page 124 and 125: Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
Page 126 and 127: Appearance of the apricots after 5
Page 130 and 131: where: P F represent the coordinate
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. The production obtained at
Page 136 and 137: As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
Page 140 and 141: At two weeks from planting it was a
Page 142 and 143: If we take into account the both fa
Page 146 and 147: F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
Page 148: HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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