Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Phylogenetic tree using MP likely to supportthat M. longipes is synonim with M. laurina. Itshow on phylogenetic tree, M. longipes and M.laurina make one same clade at one internalnodus. In phylogenetic, it means booth of themcome from one ancestor and are very closetaxon. Phylogram tree (fig2) using NJ methodsreveal some genetic distance between M.laurina and M. longipes but very little.Therefore, the conclusion for this controversyis strongly support that M. laurina is synonymwith M. longipes.Taxonomic implicationPhylogenetic information of Mangifera basedon rbcL can become reference and base inMangifera classification without ignoremorphology and anatomy information as thefirst reference. Topological analysis of treePhylogenetic uncover different pattern withnewer classification of Mangifera. For examplethe closer kinship species M. laurina, M.gedebe, M. sismilis and M. macrocarpa, aredifferent subgenus and different section.Phylogenetic based on rbcL gene is supportedby matK gene and this difference pattern ofclassification also indicated by ITS marker(Yonemori et al., 2002). It means that theclassification system of Mangifera today isinconsistence.In different case, as a reference, speciesmember of Caragana (Fabaceae) are reformedafter molecular analysis from tribe of Galegeaeto become different tribe of Hedysarea (Zhanget al., 2009). Based on molecular informationrbcL, trnS-trnG and ITS, another section andgroup in Caragana are recommended tocontemplate and observeOur research was limited in samples andsequence of base so it is too early inrecommending for classification reform but theresult can consider in reanalysis of Mangiferaclassification. It is strongly supported byanother molecular marker such as ITS andmatK, so it is very important for collaboratingsome molecular marker in making bestclassification system of Mangifera.CONCLUSIONSPhylogenetic analysis of 16 species of Mangiferausing rbcL gene sequence in chloroplastreveal that Mangifera is a monophyletic239ancestor, there are diversification betweenThailand and Indonesian sample.It result also supports that M. odorata is hybridresult of M. indica and M.Foetida. The analysisalso support that M. longipes is synonym withM. Laurina.The classification system is revealed quitedifferently with previous system.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe research is supported by AP project 2009-2010 and genetics laboratory of SITH ITB. Wewould like to thank Puri Arta as researchassistant of Pancoro group, Asri P lestari,Husna N Praja, all ITB genetic laboratorymembers and Desy Apriliani (UdayanaUniversity) for discussing the grammar.REFERENCESAguilar C.J., Sosa V., 2004. The evolution of toxicphenolic compounds in a group of Anacardiaceaegenera. Taxon Journal 53 (2), p. 357-364.Barrachlough T.G., Harvey P.H., Nee S., 1996. Rate ofrbcL gene sequences evolution and speciesdiversification in flowering plants (Angiospermae).The Royal Society. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263, p.589-591.Fitmawati, Hartana A., 2010. Phylogenetic Study ofMangifera laurina and its related Species UsingcpDNA trnL-F spacer Marker, HAYATI JournalBioscience Vol. 17 No.1, p 9-14.Gadek P.A., Fernando E.S., Quinn C.J., Hoot S.B.,Terrazas T., Sheahan M.C., and Chase M.W., 1996.Sapindales: molecular delimitation and infraordinalgroups. Am. J. Bot. 83 (6), p. 802-811.Hidayat T., Pancoro A., Kusumawaty D., Eiadthong W.,2011. Molecular Diversification and Phylogeny ofMangifera (Anacardiaceae) in Indonesia andThailand. Proceeding of the International Conferenceon Advanced Science, Engineering and informationTechnology, Putrajaya, Malaysia, p. 88-91Hou D., 1978. Anacardiaceae (revisions). FloraMalesiana, <strong>Series</strong> I, 8 (3), p. 395-548.Kiew R. Teo L.L, Gan Y.Y., 2003. Assesment of thehybrid status of some Malesian plants usingAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. Telopea10 (1), p. 225-232.Kostermans A. J. G. H., Bompard J. M., 1993. Themanggoes: Their Bothany, Nomenclature, <strong>Horticulture</strong>and Utilization. IBPGR Academic Press.Harcourte Brace & Company. London.Mukherjee S.K., 1953. Origin, Distribution, andPhylogenetic affinity of the species of Mangifera L.Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany. LV, p. 65-83.Mukherjee, S.K., Litz R.E., 2009. Introduction: Botanyand Importance. The mango 2nd Edition. Botany
productionand uses. Center for tropical Agricultureand Botany-CAB International.Porebski S, Bailey L.G., Baum B.R., 1997. Modificationof a CTAB DNA extraction Protocol for PlantsContaining High Polysaccaride and PolyphenolComponents, Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 15(1), p. 8-15.Roderic D.M., 2001. Tree View Win 32. http://taxonomy.zoology.gla.ac.uk/rod/rodhtml..Sawangchote P., Grote P.J., Dilcher D.L., 2009. TertiaryLeaf Fossils of Mangifera (Aanacardiaceae) from Libasin, Thailand as examples of the Utility of LeafMarginal Venation Characters. American Journal ofBotany 96 (11), p. 2048-2061.Swofford D.L., 2000. PAUP*, Phylogenetic AnalysisUsing Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Versi4.0b10. Sinauer Associates.Teo L.L., Kiew R., Set O., Lee S.K. Gan Y.Y., 2002.Hybrid status of kuwini, Mangifera odorata Griff.(Anacardiaceae) verified by amplified fragmenthlength polymorfism. Molecular ecology 11,Blackwell sciene Ltd., p. 1456-1469.Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin,F., Higgins D.G., 1997. The ClustalX windowsinterface: flexible strategies for multiple sequencealignment aided by quality analysis tools. NucleicAcids Research, 25, p. 4876-4882.Yamanaka N., Hasran M., Xu D. H., Tsunematsu H.,Idris S., Ban, T., 2006. Genetic relationship anddiversity of four Mangifera species revealed throughAFLP analysis, Genetic Resources and Cropevolution 53, p. 949-954.Yonemori K., Honso C., Kanzaki S., WiadthongW., Sugiura A., 2002. Phylogentic relathionship ofmangifera species revealed by ITS sequences ofnuclear ribosomal DNA and a possibility of theirhybrid origin. Plant Syst. Evol. 231, p. 59-75.Zhang M., Fritsch P.W., Cruz B.C., 2009. Phylogeny ofCaragana (Fabaceae) based on DNA sequence datafrom rbcL, trnS–trnG, and ITS. Journal MolecularPhylogenetics and Evolution 50, p. 547–559.240
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
Page 191 and 192: Flow cytometry has proved to be an
Page 193 and 194: cell nuclei, using chromosome count
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
Page 197 and 198: Interpretation of the results conce
Page 199 and 200: Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
Page 201 and 202: Dry matter (determinate refractomet
Page 203 and 204: was evaluated by using a large-size
Page 206 and 207: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 208 and 209: During the growing season have been
Page 212 and 213: Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
Page 218: REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
Page 221 and 222: Taking into the account these and t
Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
Page 225 and 226: manure semifermentated. In vegetati
Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
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Page 233 and 234: climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
Page 235 and 236: quantities of sugar accumulated in
Page 237 and 238: ibosomal to investigate 13 species
Page 239: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
Page 245 and 246: highlighted by a correlation coeffi
Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
Page 249 and 250: ut the fruit had a reduced number o
Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
Page 264 and 265: “Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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Page 269 and 270: microspore to mature pollen, determ
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
Page 282 and 283: Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
Page 287 and 288: of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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