Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from Generos cultivarafter storageThis variant shows reduced mass loss andrecorded spoiling due to disease attack. Thetotal losses are recorded by Golden Deliciouscultivar (24.20%) that both weight loss andspoiling is the highest (Figure 2)During cold storage the cultivars studiedshowed a different degree of pulp consistency,varying between 3.71 kgf/cm² (V4) and 4.82kgf/cm² (V2).Average value of the 5 variants was 4.13kgf/cm², surpassed by the Golden Deliciouscultivar (4.82 kgf/cm²).During storage, the fruit firmness decreased inall variants in different ratios, ranging from3.93 kgf/cm² on an average of 3.66 kgf/cm²,value with 7.4% less than the original.Fruits which remained firmed are related to: V3(Idared), V1 (Jonathan) and V5 (Generos) onwhich firmness decreased from 3.68-5.85%.Firmness showed the largest decrease in variantV2 (Golden Delicious) were registereddrastically firmness decreased from 37.15%,respectively to 26.76%.Influence of drip irrigation on chemical andphysical characteristics to applesResults on the evolution of the main chemicalcomponents during storage are presented intable 4.Table 4. Principal chemical components of apples duringand after storageFigure 2. The total losses recorded at studied varietiesInfluence of drip irrigation on fruit firmnessResults regarding the fruits firmness(penetrometer determined) during storage arepresented in Table 3Table 3. Firmness of apples during storage and afterstoragePenetration value (kgf/cm²)VariantOn After ReductionCultivarinsertion keeping % V1 Jonathan 3.93 3.73 5.09V2 Golden 4.82 3.53 26.76V3 Idared 4.08 3.93 3.68V4 Florina 3.71 3.23 12.94V5 Generos 4.10 3.86 5.85Average - 4.13 3.66 10.86CultivarDry SolubleSubstance(%)Titratableacidity (%)(malic acid)Totalcarbohydrates(%)Ascorbicacid(mg/100g)initial final initial final initial final initial finalJonathan 13.4 13.5 0.50 0.42 11.26 10.29 9.45 7.66Golden 11.8 12.2 0.39 0.32 9.90 9.00 9.18 7.35Idared 11.8 13.0 0.60 0.53 9.60 8.59 6.70 5.41Florina 12.8 13.1 0.59 0.41 10.66 9.88 9.65 7.68Generos 13.3 13.9 0.65 0.56 11.05 10.47 9.06 7.22Average 12.62 13.14 0.55 0.45 10.50 9.65 8.81 7.06Differences +5.20 -17.0 -8.70 -16.4(%)Initial dry substance content at theexperimental variants was between 11.8 and13.4%, with an average of 12.62%, Jonathancultivar and Generos cultivar with the highestvalues and the lowest at the Golden Deliciousand Idared cultivar. During cold storage thecontent of dry substance increased in allvariants reaching on average of 13.14%. Theaverage increase recorded was 5.20%. Theinitial acidity of the fruit (expressed in malicacid /100g) ranged from 0.39-0.65%, with anaverage of 0.55%. The lowest acidity wasrecorded by Golden Delicious cultivar andhighest by Generos and Idared cultivars.During cold storage fruit acidity decreased inall variants on average with 17.0%.101
Total carbohydrate content initially rangedbetween 9.60% and 11.26% depending on thevariant, with an average of 10.50%. The lowestvalues were seen in Idared cultivar and thehighest at Jonathan cultivar. During coldstorage, the carbohydrate content decreased byaverage of 8.7%. Initial content of ascorbic acid(vitamin C) ranged from 6.70-9.65 mg/100gdepending on the variant, with an average of8.81 mg/100g. Fruits with high content ofascorbic acid belong to the Florinaand Jonathan cultivars. During cold storage,the ascorbic acid content decreased in all cases,with an average of 16.4%. The results of themeasurements regarding the weight average,structural-texture firmness and the form indexof apples are shown in table 5.Table 5. Physical features of applesNo.Average Firmness FormVariant Cultivarcrt. weight (g) (kgf/cm²) index1 V1 Jonathan 171.05 3.47 0.842 V2 Generos 207.37 4.85 0.843 V3 Idared 209.20 4.48 0.834 V4 Florina 179.58 6.24 0.92Golden5 V5delicious149.16 4.47 0.94Overall average 183.27 4.70 0.87Influence of drip irrigation on organolepticOrganoleptic test results from Apple(appearance, firmness, taste) after storage arepresented in Table 6In terms of appearance it was found that theGeneros cultivar has obtained the highest score(15.0) of all experimental variantswhile Golden Delicious had the lowest scorefrom experience. From the point of view ofapple appearance all variants showed a highscore from 12.00–15.00 points depending onthe variant, with an overall average of 13.46points.Regarding firmness, the apples obtained from27.00-34.00 points depending on the variant,with an overall average of 31.40 points. Topratedvariants were Idared and Florina, thelowest being Jonathan cultivar.Meanwhile Jonathan and Golden got the lowestscore (12.0).Regarding taste, the apples obtained from42.86-48.57 points depending on the variant,with an average of 45.14 points.Table 6. Organoleptic assessment of apples after storageRating cultivar taste - (points)TheCultivar FirmnessGrade PlaceAspect Taste averageamountsVeryJonathan 12.86 27.00 44.29 84.15good5VeryGeneros 15.00 32.00 48.57 95.57good1VeryIdared 13.71 34.00 44.29 92.00good3VeryFlorina 13.71 34.00 45.71 93.42good2Goldendelicious 12.00 30.00 42.86 84.86 Verygood4Overallaverage13.46 31.4 45.14 90.00 The highest score for taste assessing wasobtained by Generos. At the opposite side itwas Golden Delicious cultivar with the lowestscore of assessment.The total score in apples taste assessing was84.15-95.57 points depending on variant andrated 'very good', with an overall average of90.00 points. On the first place it standsGeneros. Latest seats were occupied in order byGolden Delicious and Jonathan.CONCLUSIONSConclusions on lossesAmong the cultivars tested best behaved wasGeneros, which ranked first a total loss of5.94% without losses through spoilage. GoldenDelicious presented the worst results, with24.20% total losses of which 15.58% throughspoilage.Conclusions on fruit firmnessCompared to the initial firmness of 3.71-4.82kgf / cm ² depending on the cultivar, applesafter storage showed firmness values of 3.23-3.93 kgf / cm ² depending on the cultivar.The apples firmness dropped during coldstorage levels in average with 7-10%, with arange between 3.68-26.76% depending on thecultivar. Between cultivars were observed inthis order Idared, Jonathan and Generos withfruit firmness reduction between 3.68-5.85%.On the last place between cultivars was locatedGolden Delicious whose firmness decreased by26.76%.102
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
Page 51 and 52: vineyard, several methods were used
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. Structure and number and r
Page 56 and 57: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 58 and 59: gets serious role through the ferme
Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Element content of the ber
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. The length of internodes
Page 68 and 69: The process of fruit forming was de
Page 72 and 73: Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
Page 76: Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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Page 81 and 82: and quality of organic potatoes for
Page 83 and 84: Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
Page 85 and 86: Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
Page 90 and 91: Analyzing the dynamics of the total
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
Page 96 and 97: Table 3. The Influence of the level
Page 98 and 99: Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
Page 104: Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
Page 107 and 108: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
Page 109 and 110: CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
Page 111 and 112: observations were made on phenologi
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
Page 118 and 119: content, A-acidity content) to the
Page 120 and 121: sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
Page 124 and 125: Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
Page 126 and 127: Appearance of the apricots after 5
Page 130 and 131: where: P F represent the coordinate
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. The production obtained at
Page 136 and 137: As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
Page 140 and 141: At two weeks from planting it was a
Page 142 and 143: If we take into account the both fa
Page 146 and 147: F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
Page 148: HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
Page 151 and 152: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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