Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSClimate features of the wine years duringexperimentation periodWine year 2010. Under the aspect of thethermal regime, January was extremely cold,and between January the 22 nd – January the 31 stthere were registered consecutively minimumtemperature values of the air under 25ºC, theabsolute value of winter (of the month) was-26,6ºC, on the soil being of-27,9ºC, affectingthe biological resistance of the plants. Thehydric regime was a little bit over the normalvalues in spring, accompanied by the thermalregime as well as over the normal for theperiod, associated with the overheatedtemperatures, higher than 35ºC from Augustwhich favored the installation of hydric stressand the rush of ripening process of the grapes,the dehydration of the grapes and the reducingof their volume. Autumn was not uniform,drought in September and extremely cold inOctober (-4,4ºC), and in November it wasregistered a thermal surplus of +73,6ºC,(maximum values of 24ºC).Wine year 2011. Regarding the temperatures,winter was close to the multi-annual values ofthe season. Summer was close to the normalthermal regime, with a medium seasontemperature of 21,5 ºC from the multi-annualaverage of 21,3ºC. The rain regime wasvariable during the summer, knowing a growthof 77,8 mm between June-July whenhidrometeorological extreme phenomenonswere signaled such as torrential rains, windintensifications with an aspect of storm andsevere hail on 24th of August which byintensity and duration produced damages ofabout 75-90%. Autumn was not uniform underthe thermal and hydric aspect, excessively hot,with maximum values over 33-34ºC in the airtemperature, in September, and cold withnegative values under-5,2ºC in October.Wine year 2012. The cold season registerssevere temperatures (under -23ºC) and snow(February). Extreme negative temperatures,blizzard and glazed frost between January 24thand February 6th brought values of-23,1º C inair temperature, on soil recording -26,7ºC.February registered a record mediumtemperature value of -5,5ºC which was 4,4º Clower than the average multi-annual231temperature of-1,1ºC. The amount of budlosses was due to the large interval in whichtemperatures maintained critical, but also to therain phenomenon which froze on the vinesstrings (freezing rain) signaled betweenFebruary the 4th-February the 6 th . Spring wasclose to the normal limit, and the summer of2012 was extremely drought, with a highhydric defficit on the base of a large thermalsurplus which marked the progress of thephysiological and biochemical processes atnormal parameters, but as well as on the qualityand quantity of the grape production. Thesummer of 2012 was remarked by a largenumber of days with consecutive maximumtemperatures over 35ºC (41ºC-August 15 th )and consecutive nights (tropical) withminimum temperatures of the air larger than20ºC. Autumn was extremely hot, with airtemperatures of 33ºC (September), poor inprecipitations and the rain deficit accentuatedin autumn was rebuilt increasingly starting withNovember.The analysis of climate conditions in relationto the synthetic indexesAnalyzing the growing active period inaccordance with the active balance, we canconclude that the year of 2012 was the onlyyear in this study interval that had a highthermal contribution (3835,5) with multipleinfluences (positive and negative) in the growthand development of plants. So, the level andthe amount of temperature degrees associatedwith a plus of insolation hour number, but alsothe soil drought cumulated with the atmospheredrought, determined the maturation phase ofthe grapes, 7 days earlier than normal (25 th ofJuly), determining an advance of the fullmaturity. Analyzing the values of the foursynthetic indexes, it can be observed that thewine station registers high heliothermicresources, which have as a correspondent lowwater resources and that the most sensitive isthe bioclimate index, which’s large specter issituated between 5,38-11,2. Regarding theevolution of the values of Huglin index, thevalues recorded during the time of the studyshow that it suffers a growth tendency from oneyear to another, with some exceptions (2007-2009), reaching a maximum of 2639,7 in theyear of 2012, conditions in which the wineareal characterized by a warm temperate