Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSPhylogenetic tree resultThe aligned rbcL comprises 905 characters. Ofthese, 807 characters are constant and 72 arepotentially parsimony informative. From themost parsimony tree (MPTs), consistency index(CI) is 0,889 and retention index (RI) is 0,962.The values showed that all characters areimportant in constructing tree and RI revealthat homoplasy is very small.Phylogenetic tree as shown in figure 1, it wasconstructed with maximum parsimony methodand bootstrap 1000x. Neighbourjoining (NJ)method is also done to show difference ofgenetic distance and analyze similaritysequence among samples.Phylogenetic analysis MangiferaPhylogenetic analysis from the tree hadrevealed the important answer about theancestor trait. It is monophyletic tree with fourmain groups. The first group consists of twospecies from Thailand which are M.macrocarpa (Thailand) and M. cochincinensis.Group II consist of M. indica, M. caesia, M.aplanata, and M. altisima. Group III consist ofM.longipes, M. laurina, M. similis, and M.macrocarpa. Group IV consist of mix samplesfrom Thailand and Indonesia, such as M.laurina (Thailand), M. sp, M. kasturi, M.foetida, and M. odorata.The result reveal that two species of Mangiferafrom Thailand grouped in one but other species(M. laurina) join to Indonesian Mangifera. Thegroup systems show some differences withclassification system made by Kostermans andBompard (1993).Monophyletic character of Mangifera ancestortrait based on rbcL gene shows the same resultwith ITS (Yonemori et al., 2001) and matK(Hidyat et al., 2011) with different DNAsequences. Overall results of Mangiferaancestor are monophyletic. The monophyleticancestor of Mangifera is supported by characterof stomata (Hidayat et al, 2009). Therefore, theconsequence for the ancestor is agree withMukherjee (1953), that said Mangifera comefrom one origin and divided into three species.That is M.duperreana as root of section I, M.lagenifera and M.macrocarpa as root of sectionII. That species are the oldest among all speciesof Mangifera.Phylogenetic analysis also shows biogeographyrelationship of Mangifera. It can be seen fromthe diversification of same species, which istaken from difference land with long distance.Phylogenetic pattern among species also giveinformation in species status and taxonomyimplication in genus Mangifera.Figure 1. One of the most parsimony tree with bootstrap 1000x. The number on the node is Bootstrap value in%.237
Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo species of Mangifera from Thailand madegroup I: M. cochynsinensis and M. macrocarpa(gambar III.1), meanwhile M. laurina joint ingroup III. It reveals diversification amongspecies from Indonesian islands and Thailandespecially in M. laurina and M. macrocarpafrom Thailand and Indonesia.Phylogenetic analysis based on matK (Hidayatet al., 2011) in Mangifera also showsseparation between species which come fromdifferent geography. It may be caused bydifferent natural geographical condition sincemany years ago. So the sequences of DNA arechanged or mutated. Another hypothesis iscalculated from different variety of sample, yetthis hypothesis is weak.Phylogenetic relathionship and memberstatus of MangiferaSome closes species based on the phylogenetictree, are M. cochinshinensis and M.macrocarpa from Thailand. These species aregroup I. While in group II, M. caesia, M.aplanata, and M. altissima also had a closerelationship and sistergroup with M. indica.Relationship between M. altissima and M.applanata also close Mangifera phylogeneticbased on matK (Hidayat dkk, 2011). In groupIII, M. gedebe, M. similis, and M.macrocarpa closed and sister group with Mlaurina & M. longipes.Group III is similar to matK phylogenetic,otherwise M. macrocarpa in matK is Thailandsamples. Group IV, M. odorata, M. spp and M.casturi closed and sister group withM. foetida, beside M. laurina from Thailand isin group but outer than other.Relationship in phylogenetic based on rbcLsequences also reveals status of M. odorata andstatus M. longipes. Species of M. odorata is thehybride of M. indica and M. foetida (Hou,1978) . The conclusion does not directly agreewith that opinion, but our analyses reveal it ispossible. Not all the species (M. odorata,M.indica and M. foetida) are in one group. M.odorata and M. foetida are in one grup (groupIV), while both of them are separated with M.indica (group II).M. odorata and M. foetida also have closerelationship based on ITS marker (Yonemori etal., 2002). AFLP analysis in showing hybridstatus of M. odorata reveal that similarity index238between M. odorata and M. foetida is higherthan M. indica and M. odorata (Kiew et al.,2003; Teo et al., 2002). They indicate that M.odorata is hybrid result of M indica and Mfoetida, it was followed by backcrossing withM. foetida. So, it refers to be similar with M.foetida than M. indica.The next research using matK sequencesanalysis shows a different result. It shows thatM. odorata is closer to M. indica than M.foetida (Hidayat dkk, 2011). This differenceresult among rbcL gene, ITS and matK stillsupport hybrid status of M. odorata). It needsmore analysis using three combination of thatmarker to answer that controversial.Phylogenetic tree give information of M.longipes status. Species M. longipes in newerclassification of Mangifera is synonym with M.laurina. Species of M. longipes Griff spread inSumatera, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, LesserSunda island and Philipina (Hou, 1978).however M. laurina Blume is endemic speciesin Philippines archipelago and Selayar island(Sulawesi) with local name are Mangga Aer,Mangga parih and Apale/i (local name inPalawan island). Based on the analysis, it ispossible that both of them are different species.Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree using Neighbour Joiningmethods. Numbers on the nodes are bootstrap value in%and number bellow is genetic distance.
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
Page 188: grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
Page 191 and 192: Flow cytometry has proved to be an
Page 193 and 194: cell nuclei, using chromosome count
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
Page 197 and 198: Interpretation of the results conce
Page 199 and 200: Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
Page 201 and 202: Dry matter (determinate refractomet
Page 203 and 204: was evaluated by using a large-size
Page 206 and 207: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 208 and 209: During the growing season have been
Page 212 and 213: Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
Page 218: REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
Page 221 and 222: Taking into the account these and t
Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
Page 225 and 226: manure semifermentated. In vegetati
Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
Page 231 and 232: MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
Page 233 and 234: climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
Page 235 and 236: quantities of sugar accumulated in
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Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
Page 245 and 246: highlighted by a correlation coeffi
Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
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Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
Page 264 and 265: “Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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Page 269 and 270: microspore to mature pollen, determ
Page 271 and 272: microspores at certain date. Micros
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
Page 282 and 283: Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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