Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractSAMPLING PROCEDURES APPLICABLE FOR THE QUALITYASSURANCE SYSTEMS IN THE STARCH INDUSTRYGeorgiana DECIU, Arina Oana ANTOCEUniversity of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,59 Mrti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, RomaniaCorresponding author email: aantoce@horticultura-bucuresti.roSampling is one of the most important factors influencing the analysis results. When the results of several analyses areused to develop and implement a monitoring system which must assure the product quality and food-safety, thisbecomes a primary element. As an analysis result can be used in the development of such system, the sampling shouldbe as accurate as possible. The sampling methods are various and depend in principal by the sampled material, thematerial state of aggregation, physical and chemical properties and last but not least, by the presentation mode. At thismoment, the sampling procedures applicable in the starch industry are presented in several standards and have ageneral description based on product categories (e.g.: ISO 24333:2009 Cereals and cereal products – Sampling). Forthe industry, however, these general guidelines are sometimes difficult to apply as such. This paper aims to review thesampling procedures applicable in the starch industry and to create specific sampling method guidelines developed fora starch factory in order to create an optimal monitoring system capable to assure the quality and food-safety forproducts and by-products.Key words: food-safety, quality, sampling, starch.INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSSampling is one of the most important factorsinfluencing the analysis results (Alexander etal. 2007; Thomas et al., 2012). The sample hasto be big enough and representative for wholebatch. The sample size is proportional to thebatch size and depends, in principal on thematerial type and analysis type (Paakkunainenet al., 2009; Tokman N., 2007).For the development of a monitoring systemIn order to establish a specific optimalsampling procedure for the starch industry, weidentified the main international samplinginstructions included in various standards andregulations as follows: SR EN ISO 24333:2009Cereals and cereal products – Sampling,Commission regulation (EC) No 401/2006 of23 February 2006 laying down the methods ofsampling and analysis for the official control ofcapable to assure the product quality and food the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs,safety the most important step is fixing theoptimal and specific sampling procedure.For the starch industry, excepting intermediaryproducts, there are three types of materials:grains (corn and corn germs), milled products(starch, corn gluten feed and corn gluten meal)and viscous liquids (glucose syrups).Taking into account all these aspects, this paperpresents and compares all the internationalsampling instructions applicable for the cerealsand cereals products in order to establish thespecific optimal sampling procedure for thefinal products in a starch factory.Commission Regulation (EU) No 836/2011 of19 August 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No333/2007 laying down the methods of samplingand analysis for the official control of the levelsof lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin, 3-MCPD and benzo (a) pyrene in foodstuffs,Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of27 January 2009 laying down the methods ofsampling and analysis for the official control offeed, Commission Directive 2002/63/EC of 11July 2002 establishing Community methods ofsampling for the official control of pesticideresidues in and on products of plant and animalorigin and repealing Directive 79/700/EEC,Decree ANSVSA No. 27 of 06.06.2011regarding the approval of hygiene and415
microbiological criteria for foodstuffs otherthan those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no.2.073/2005 of 15 November 2005 onmicrobiological criteria for foodstuffs,Commission Regulation (EU) No 619/2011 of24 June 2011 laying down the methods ofsampling and analysis for the official control offeed as regards the presence of geneticallymodified material for which an authorisationprocedure is pending or the authorisation ofwhich has expired.The international standard SR EN ISO24333:2009 Cereals and cereal products –Sampling was the starting point and it wasadapted by other relevant sampling documentsto be found in EU-regulation or specificliterature. SR EN ISO 24333:2009 is applicable“for the dynamic or static sampling, by manualor mechanical means, of cereals and cerealproducts, for assessment of their quality andcondition” (SR EN ISO 24333:2009). It is notappropriate for the determination of thepresence of adventitious genetically modifiedmaterial in non-GM products and formicrobiological criteria. These omissionswould be dealt with only the EU-regulation andspecific literature.The information contained in these documentswere interpreted, adapted for the intended useand transposed into a centralised, specific andoptimal sampling procedure.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor cereals and cereal products we identifiedseven referential documents which areapplicable for the starch industry.Taking into account the instructions mentionedin these documents and the specific of thestarch factory took for example, we centralizedthe information and issued a single samplingprocedure for raw material and final products.There were identified four categories ofanalyses: specific for product qualitydetermination, for contaminants identificationand determination, microbiological analysesand analyses for non-GMO products.For contaminants the sampling proceduresdepend on the type of the contaminant, beingdifferent for mycotoxins, heavy metals andpesticides.In Table 1, we present the documents wheresampling instruction can be found. It can beseen that for specific quality analysis the onlyharmonized and internationally recognizedsampling procedure is SR EN ISO 24333:2009.This standard indicates a single sample size (1to 3 kg) depending on various criteria like thebatch size, the minimum number of elementarysamples and its size, the sampling method(mechanical or manual) or the packaged unitweight.The minimum sample size is indicated also forcontaminants like ochratoxin A (10 kg),pesticides, heavy metals, dioxin (1 kg), othercontaminants (3 kg). To complete these values,the EU regulations establish the sample sizedepending on the batch size and packagingmode (bulk or packed).Taking into account the product categoriespresented in these documents, we split starchproducts as follows:- Grains:- in bulk:- corn- corn germs- packed:- corn germs:- in big-bags- Milled products:- in bulk:- corn starch- corn gluten feed- corn gluten meal- packed:- corn starch:- in paper bags of 25 kilos- in big-bags- corn gluten feed:- in big-bags- corn gluten meal:- in big-bags- Liquid products:- in bulk:- glucose syrup- packed:- glucose syrup:- in recipients of 45 and 150 kilos- in recipients of 1100 kilos416
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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Page 367 and 368: Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Page 371 and 372: REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
Page 373 and 374: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
Page 375 and 376: Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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Page 385 and 386: AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
Page 387 and 388: REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
Page 389 and 390: Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
Page 391 and 392: CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
Page 394 and 395: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 396 and 397: etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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Page 401 and 402: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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Page 409 and 410: Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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Page 418 and 419: Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
Page 420 and 421: Table 2. Example of sampling proced
Page 422 and 423: should be 5 kg.” According to thi
Page 426 and 427: One of the first and simplest condi
Page 428 and 429: of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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Page 434 and 435: Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
Page 436 and 437: Related to the process of the evolu
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Page 442 and 443: Imposition of the pot is done every
Page 444 and 445: Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
Page 448 and 449: Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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