Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractEFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELDOF SEVEN POTATO CULTIVARS (SOLANUM TUBEROSOM L.)Ali Husain JASIMUniversity of Babylon, Babylon, IraqCorresponding author email: alihjassim@yahoo.comAn experiment was conducted out during 2009 to study the effect of spraying numbers (0, 2 and4 ) of Alaska foliarfertilizer (N:12, P 2 O 5 :12, K 2 O:36, Fe:0.05%, Cu:0.005%, Mn:0.03% , Zn:0.01% , B: 0.02% , Mo:0.003% ) on growthand yield of 7 potato cvs. (Draga, Aladin, Elpaso, Kurado, Diseree, Provento and Red Brown). Factorial experimentincluded 21 treatments arranged in Random Complete Bloke Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Results showed thatfoliar fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height, tuber weight and total yield. Potato cvs. differ in all studiedparameters. High yields were obtained from Red Brown, Provento and Draga cvs. Interactions had a significant effecton the most studied parameters.Key words: foliar fertilize , potatoes cultivars.INTRODUCTIONincrease total and/or marketable tuber yield(Kara, 2002; Zebarth et al., 2004; Zelalem etPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the mostal., 2009). It is suggested that late applicationimportant tuber crop, and it is the fourth worldof N in foliar sprays can be benefit to potatocrop after wheat, rice and maize. Moreover,crop with a long growing season and reducepotato is an important vegetable and a goodenvironmental losses of N.source of antioxidants (Chen et al., 2007).Phosphor application significantly increasedAlthough potato is quite adaptable to plantingplant height, marketable tuber yield andconditions, it has, as every culture, certainmarketable tuber number (Zelalem et al.,requirements for ecological conditions.2009). One of the major problems in the use ofStability of a varieties features and preservingphosphate fertilizer is the fixation of appliedquality in different conditions has greatphosphate by the soil. Foliar P applicationimportance; total and graded yield and qualityresulted in higher tuber yield (Ekelof,factors are affected by cultivars and location2007). Application of K increases plant(Tomasiewicz et al., 2003; Haase et al., 2005).height and crop vigour. It increases both theBoth yield and quality of potato are affected byrate and duration of tuber bulking. Itscultivar, environmental conditions and culturalapplication assists in the translocation ofpractices. In trial with Burren, Arnova andcarbohydrates from leaves to tubers. PotassiumAladin cv., Burren was a superior in yield, butincreases the size but not the total number ofArnova was super in tuber mean weighttubers (Trehan et al., 2001). Foliar application(Kadum, 2011).of K increased potato tuber yield. TheFertilizer application has important effects onincreasing of foliar K fertilizer rates (2.5%)the quality and yield of potato (Westermann,was associated with the highest yield (Habib et2005). Uptake of fertilizer nutrients (NPK) byal., 2011). Foliar application of micronutrientspotato per unit area and time is high because ofhas been one of the approaches to achieve anthe rapid rate of early growth and tuberimprovement the nutritional status, yield ofbulking. Foliar fertilization has potential for anpotato end to optimize use of chemicalimportant role in potato production.fertilizers (Khalifa et al., 2003). Potato plantsNitrogen supply plays an important role in thefoliar treated with Unigreen (containing macrobalance between vegetative and reproductiveand micronutrients) 2.5 g/l and Solu Potashgrowth for potato (Alva, 2004). Many previous(50% K 2 O) 3.0 g/l gave higher total yield andstudies have shown that N applications canhigher number of marketable tubers per plant77
and total number of tubers per plant (AbdulRasool et al., 2010).The present investigation aimed to study theresponse of 7 Potato cultivars to the number offoliar fertilizer sprays.MATERIALS AND METHODSA field experiment was carried out on a farm15 km south of Hilla, during 2009 to study theeffect of spraying numbers (0, 2 and 4) ofAlaska foliar fertilizer (N:12, P 2 O 5 : 12, K 2 O:36, Fe: 0.05%, Cu: 0.005%, Mn: 0.03%, Zn:0.01%, B: 0.02%, Mo: 0.003%) on 7 potatovarieties (Draga, Aladin, Elpaso, Kurado,Diseree, Provento, and Red Brown) obtainedfrom Nahar Alawrad Company. Factorialexperiment included 21 treatments arrangementin Random Complete Bloke Design (RCBD)with 4 replications.Potato seed Tubers were sown on 6 Feb. at 25cm apart in the rows. Each plot consisted of 3rows, each of five meters in length and 70 cmwide. The plot area was 10.5 m. DAP fertilizerwas added at the rate of 200 kg/ha dressing 10cm bellow the tubers. The first foliar spray wasmade after 40 days, in which plants wereblossoming and were at the early tuber setstage. The other foliar sprays were made atweakly intervals. Plant length (cm), number ofshoots was determined at 90 days afterplanting. At harvesting (21 May), fresh tuberyield were recorded in terms of number oftubers per plant and tuber weight as well astotal yield.The obtained data were subjected to theanalysis of variance procedure and treatmentmeans were compared to the L.S.D. testaccording to Steel and Torrie, 1980.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSData presented in (Table 1) showed that, lengthof potato plants were significantly increased asa result of plant spraying with Alaska fertilizercompared with the control treatment. Inaddition, there were no significant differencesbetween 2 or 4 foliar times of sprays. Theincreases in plant height may be due to the roleof such macro and micro nutrients in thephysiological process and cell division andelongation which indirectly affect tissueformation and consequently vegetative growth78of plant. These results are in good accordancewith those obtained by (Khalifa et al., 2003;Abdul Rasool et al., 2010; Kadum, 2011).The varieties had a significant effect in plantheight. It appeared that it was related to type ofvarious varieties, (Tafi et al., 2010). Theinteraction had a significant effect also.Table 1. Effect of Varieties and Foliar High-K FertilizerNumber on Plant Height (cm)Average 4 time 2 timevar. spray spraycontrol Var.64.3 68 66 59 Draga56.3 63 56 50 Aladin65.7 67 68 62 Elpaso55.7 62 59 46 Kurado62.7 69 68 51 Diseree65.0 69 72 54 Provento56.3 61 59 49 Red BrownAverage of- 65.6 64 53sprayL.S.D. 0.05 var. = 3.1 fertilizer = 2.03 interactions = 5.37Results in (Table 2) showed that foliar fertilizerhad no significant effect on stem numbers.Potato varieties had a significant effect on stemnumbers, and Elpaso had the largest than othercultivars, it gave 4.6 stem which reachedsignificant only with Aladin that gave 4.0cm.In fact the stem numbers are formed afterplanting and before adding foliar fertilizer andcannot affect by it. It can be mentioned that thestem number in different cultivars is as one ofthe internal and compatible characteristicsaffected by the plant environmental condition(Henricksen and Molgaard, 2005).Table 2. Effect of Varieties and Foliar High-K FertilizerNumber on Stem NumbersAverage 4 time 2 timevar. spray spraycontrol Var.4.27 4.2 4.4 4.2 Draga4.00 4.2 4.1 3.7 Aladin4.60 4.7 4.7 4.4 Elpaso4.27 4.3 4.1 4.4 Kurado4.17 4.4 4.2 3.9 Diseree4.30 4.3 4.6 4.0 Provento4.17 4.2 3.9 4.1 Red BrownAverage of- 4.3 4.3 4.1sprayFoliar fertilizer caused an increase in tuberweight as compared with control (Table 3).Four times of foliar fertilizer had no significanteffect on this parameter as compared with two
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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Page 30 and 31: days after removal of weeds by burn
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Page 35 and 36: Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Page 43 and 44: Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Page 47 and 48: Experience consisted of the followi
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Total production on plantV
Page 51 and 52: vineyard, several methods were used
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. Structure and number and r
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Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Element content of the ber
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. The length of internodes
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Page 90 and 91: Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Page 107 and 108: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
Page 109 and 110: CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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