Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653TUBER YIELD AND QUALITY OF NINE GENOTYPES YAM BEAN(PACHYRHIZUS SPP.) DUE TO SINK-REPRODUCTIVE PRUNINGWieny H. RIZKY 1 , Sofiya HASANI 2 , Agung KARUNIAWAN 31 Agronomy Department of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia2 Graduate Student of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia3 Plant Breeding Department of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjara, Sumedang, IndonesiaCorresponding author email: wienyetsdc@gmail.comAbstractYam bean tuber starch extract has been widely used for traditional cosmetics material in Indonesia. This experimentwas aimed to acquire yam bean tuber with high yield and starch content. Materials used were 9 yam bean genotypescollection of Agung Karuniawan (Plant Breeding Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran ) consisted of three genotypes ofP. erosus, one genotype of P. ahipa, two genotypes of P. erosus intraspecific crossing and three genotypes resulted frominterspecific crossing between P. erosus and P. ahipa. The field trial was conducted at experimental field of Faculty ofAgriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor from August 2009 until March 2010. The experiment was arranged insplit plot design repeated twice. The main plot consisted of two treatments namely without sink-reproductive pruningand with sink-reproductive pruning. The main plot was divided into nine subplots based on genotypes. Pruning andgenotype independently affected tuber fresh weight. The heaviest tuber produced by P. erosus B-1 / EC 033. Genotypesaffected on tuber dry matter and tuber starch content. The highest dry matter was contained in interspesific crossingbetween P. erosus x. P. ahipa EC 550 x AC 208-72h. The highest tuber starch content was resulted by P. ahipa AC 216-139d. Sink-reproductive pruning and genotype interacted in tuber dry matter trait.Key words: Sink-reproductive Pruning, Starch, Yam bean, Yield.INTRODUCTIONYam bean or bengkuang in Indonesian isactually benefited not only for food but also formedication or cosmetic functions. This crops iswidely cultivated in Sumatra, Java, SoutheastNusa, Sulawesi, Bali and Kalimantan(Karuniawan, 2004). At current time, the tuberstarch extract used both as traditional andmodern cosmetics for brightening skinnaturally. In fact, some of modern cosmeticswith yam bean starch extract based have wonseveral national and international awards (Ratu,2012). Therefore the development of yam beantuber starch production is actually needed.From the analysis of 100 g of fresh yam bean,starch content is at 2.1 g - 10.7 g (Sorensen,1996), even in Indonesia the starch content forP. erosus is averaged only around 1% (UTP,2011) The highest dry matter content enclosedin P. ahipa that is equal to 26% - 24% then P.erosus by 6% - 22%. One disadvantage ofstarch yam bean tuber use is the high watercontent, so that although the tuber has greatsize but still has low starch level due to the lowdry matter content. To broaden genetic445diversity and increase the amount of dry matter,Plant Breeding Laboratory, UniversitasPadjadjaran did intraspecific and interspecifichybridization between P. erosus and P. ahipa.Besides plant breeding, the potential of yamcan be improved by developing appropriatecultivation techniques. One of the frequentcultivation techniques is sink-reproductivepruning (Sorensen). This technique is done bycutting off reproductive parts of plants, whichis begun at the first flower bud emergence.Sink-reproductive pruning aimed to reducecompetition of photosynthates distributionbetween the reproductive and tuber sink parts.Flower bud pruning on the yam bean canincrease 30%-70% of tuber fresh weight [6] .Therefore, sink-reproductive pruning will shiftassimilate to tuber.This study aimed to test the simultaneous effectof sink-reproductive pruning on yam bean yieldand tuber quality traits namely starch contentand dry matter content. Further, expectantlythere will be genotypes with high starch contentas potential yam bean genotypes especially forcosmetics raw material.
MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials used in this experiment were nineyam bean genotypes collection of AgungKaruniawan (Plant Breeding Laboratory,Universitas Padjadjaran ). It consisted of threeP. erosus, one P. ahipa, two intraspecificcrossing of P. erosus and three interspecificcrossing of P. erosus and P. ahipa.The field trial was conducted at experimentalfield of Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasPadjadjaran Jatinangor located at an altitude of753 m above sea level with Inceptisols soil typeand type C rainfall according to Schmidt-Fergusson. The experiment was conductedfrom August 2009 until March 2010.The experiment was arranged in split plotdesign repeated twice. The main plot consistedof two treatments: without sink-reproductivepruning and with sink-reproductive pruning.The main plot was divided into nine subplotsbased on genotypes. Each subplot size was 2 mx 3 m with spacing 50 cm x 50 cm betweenplants and 100 cm between subplots. Fertilizerrecommendation given referred to the sweetpotato cultivation in dry land.Sink-reproductive application treatment wascarried out after 50% of plants per plot hadentered the flowering phase (R5) (Zanklan,2003), it was done once a week until the harvesttime. Harvesting of tuber was approximately180 days (six months) after planting.Characters observed were tuber fresh weight(g), tuber dry matter content (%) and tuberstarch content (% WB). Yam bean tuber starchcontent was analyzed using Luff Schoorlmethod conducted at Yield Physiology Laboratory,Vegetable Research Institute, LembangWest Bandung.Data were analyzed using statistical analysis ofvariance (anova) using Statistix 8 program.Comparison of the mean value was done usingthe least significant difference test (LSD) onthe real level 5%.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSBased on analysis of variance (Table 1),pruning and genotype treatments independentlygave significant different on tuber fresh weightcharacter. Genotypes as the subplot factor, gavesignificant different on all tuber traits observed.Sink-reproductive pruning and genotypes446interacted on tuber dry matter trait in highlysignificant difference.Table 1. Analysis of Variance for Tuber Fresh Weight,Tuber Dry Matter, Tuber Starch Content of NineGenotypes Yam BeanFVariablesInteractionPruning GenotypePxGTFW (g) 2.51 * 11.7 ** 1.9TDM (%) 1.15 4.90 * 18.05 **TSC (%) 0.01 20.30 ** 2.02TFW=Tuber Fresh Weight; TDM=Tuber Dry Matter;TSC= Tuber Starch Content; *=significant on 0,05; **= significant on 0,01Table 2 shows least significant difference(LSD) test on tuber fresh weight affected bypruning and genotype In this study, sinkreproductivepruning generated higher tuberfresh weight trait. Non pruning treatment onlyresulted 122.35 g, whereas, sink-reproductivepruning 371.61 g. Sink-reproductive pruning offlower bud removal diverts assimilate distributioninto tuber storage sinks. The increasedflow of assimilate to the tuber, consequentialon the change in dimensions. In addition, theincreased of assimilate flow also affect tuberfresh weight.The smallest yield result for genotype showedby P. ahipa AC 216-139 d that was 86,45 g pertuber, however the other genotypes were insame group ranged from 205,76 g- 342,95 g pertuber. It is mean that even the elder was P.ahipa but the crossing with P. erosus willincrease the yield.Table 2. Analysis of Variance for Tuber Fresh Weight,Tuber Dry Matter, Tuber Starch Content of NineGenotypes Yam BeanTreatmentsTuber fresh weight (g)Sink-reproductive pruningWithoutWithGenotypesB-10 / EC 550B-1 / EC 033B-56 / CJAC 216-139 dB-10 / EC 550 x AC 216-139 dB-1 / EC 033 x B-56 / CJAC 216-139 d x B-56 / CJB-10 / EC 550 x B-56 / CJB-10 / EC 550 x AC 208-72h122,35 b371,61 a254,32 a342,95 a297,88 a86,45 b205,76 a184,99 a308,46 a308,27 a233,76 aNumbers followed by the same letters are notsignificantly different on alpha 0.05 LSD test
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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Page 396 and 397: etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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Page 418 and 419: Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Page 448 and 449: Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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