Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653AbstractPHYLOGENETIC ANALISYS OF MANGIFERA BASE ON RBCLSEQUENCES, CHLOROPLAST DNASuparman SUPARMAN 1 , Adi PANCORO 2 , Topik HIDAYAT 31 Department of Biology Education, Universitas Khairun, jalan bandara Babullah Ternate,Maluku Utara, Indonesia2 Genetics Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology,Institut Teknologi Bandung,Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia3 Department of Biology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI),Jalan Setiabudi 229 Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding author email: suparman_bio@yahoo.comGenus of Mangifera has 69 species that mostly distributed around Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Malay Peninsula.Phylogenetic study of this genus is conducted in order to investigate the ancestor trait and relationships among thosespecies. Phylogenetic tree is constructed based on nucleotide variation in rbcL gene within 16 samples of Mangifera :13 species from Indonesia and 3 species from Thailand. Two species from the other genera are added as outgroups.Genomic DNA was extracted using CTAB protocol and amplified with rbcL primers. Sequencing result is analyzedusing BLAST function on NCBI. Multiple sequence alignment from all samples of rbcL sequences is generated usingBioedit and ClustalX program. Subsequently phylogenetic is constructed by using Maximum Parsimony method inPAUP* 4.0b10 software. The aligned rbcL comprised 905 characters which had 72 characters of parsimonyinformative with consistency index (CI) 0,889 and retention index (RI) 0,962. Phylogeny generated four main groups.Group I consist of M. cochinchinensis and M. macrocarpa (Thailand); group II : M. indica M. cesia, M. aplanat and M.altisima ; group III : M. laurina, M. longipes, M. similis, and M. gedebe ; group IV : M. laurina (Thailand), M. foetida,M. caesia, Mangifera spp, and M. odorata. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mangifera is monophyletic. There is adiversification between M. laurina from Indonesia and Thailand, as well as M. macrocarpa. Phylogenetic analysis alsoprovides information which support the assumption that M. odorata is a hybrid of M. indica and M. foetida, andstrongly support the assumption that M. longipes is a synonim of M. laurina.Key words: Mangifera, Phylogenetic, rbcL.INTRODUCTIONcomplexity of the vegetative and generativeorgan. The newer classification base onMangifera is a genus of Anacardiaceae. Mostmorphology is doubted (Yonemori et al.,of its member are spread in Borneo, Sumatra,2002).Java, Malay peninsula, and also other part ofIt can be revealed by uncertain position for 11Asia (Mukherjee, 1953). Classification systemspecies, beside that, there are two controversialof Mangifera has been developed. Mukherjeespecies: M. longipes and M. odorata. In the old(1953) classified Mangifera in two sectionsclassification there is M. longipes (Mukherjee,with five species incertaesedis.1953; Hou, 1978) but in the latest classificationToday Mangifera has 69 species and classifiedthere is not (Kosterman and Bompard, 1993).to three subgenus they are Mangifera, LimusThey said that M. longipes is synonym with M.(Marchand), and uncertain position Kostermansand Bompard (1993).laurina but they showed different somemorphology characters.Mangifera was determined from one ancestorIn other species, Mangifera odorata was the(Mukherjee, 1953) otherwise Kostermans andhybrid result between M. indica dengan M.Bompard (1993) contradicted that theory. Theyfoetida (Hou, 1978), but Kosterman andsuggested that the genus original was twoBompard (1993) rejected the statement.different ancestors.Some previous molecular phylogeneticClassification of Mangifera is still labileanalyses in Mangifera were done. A research of(Hidayat dkk, 2011). It is because theinternal trancribed spacer (ITS) DNA nuclear235
ibosomal to investigate 13 species ofMangifera (Yonemori et al., 2002); Usingamplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) information by Yamanaka (Yamanakaet al., 2006); using trnL-F gene sequence toanalysis four species of Mangifera (Fitmawatiand Hartana, 2010); also phylogenetic anddiversification of Mangifera from Indonesianand Thailand by Hidayat (Hidayat et al., 2011).All molecular phylogenetic researches ofMangifera were to analysis the phylogeneticand phyletic original of ancestor. So that, it isquite important to construct phylogenetic treeand analyze phylogenetic of Mangifera usingdifferent molecular marker, especially based onrbcL gene sequence as marker in plant. rbcL isgene for coding ribulose-1,5-bisphospatecarboxylase (RuBisCO).All kind of plants have this gene with moderatemutation. Mutation in rbcL has positivecorrelation with species diversification inAngiosperm (Barraclough et al., 1996), so it isexpected will be able to give phylogeneticinformation closer to the real condition.MATERIALS AND METHODS16 samples of Mangifera, 13 samples of leafare collected from Indonesia (Kebun RayaBogor) and three samples from Thailand(Forestry Departemnt of Kasetsart University,Bangkok). Two Outgroup, they are Boueamacrophylla from Bogor and Anacardiumoccidentale. The last outgroup is taken fromNCBI genebank (Aguilar and Sosa, 2004).Three main steps of research are rbcL primerdesign, DNA genome isolation from Mangiferaleaf and rbcL amplification, and the last isphylogenetic tree construction.Template of rbcL gene was retrieved fromMangiferaindicarbcL gene in NCBI (Gadek, etal., 1996). That sequence was used fordesigning primer both rbcL-F and rbcL-R byGenamicsExpression software and confirmedwith primer blast at NCBI.DNA Genome was extracted from Mangiferaleaf using CTAB method protocol (Porebski etal., 1997) with modification. Then, rbcL genewas amplified by PCR and sequenced inMacrogen Inc (Korea) with the same primer.For constructing Phylogenetic tree, all thesequences were edited and performedalignment by Bioedit and ClustalX program(Thompson et al., 1997)Phylogenetic tree constructed with maximumparsimony (MP) and neighbour joining (NJ)using PAUP* 40.b10 (Swofford, 2002).Appearance the phylogenetic tree use tree viewwin 32 software (Roderic, 2001).Table 1. Plant material and originNumber NAME OF SPECIES ORIGIN1 Mangifera caesia Jack Java, Indonesia2 Mangifera similis Auet Sumatera, Indonesia3 Mangiferamacrocarpa Blume Java, Indonesia4 Mangifera laurina Blume Java, Indonesia5 Mangiferagedebe Miquel Sumatra, Indonesia6 Mangifera indica Lin Java, Indonesia7 Mangifera sp Borneo, Indonesia 8 Mangiferaapplanata Kosterm Borneo, Indonesia9 Mangiferacasturi Kosterm Borneo, Indonesia10 Mangiferaodorata Griff Java, Indonesia11 Mangiferafoetida Lour Java, Indonesia12 Mangiferaaltissima Blanco Java, Indonesia13 Mangiferalongipes Griff Java, Indonesia14 M. cochinchinensis Engler Thailand15 Mangiferalaurina Blume Thailand16 Mangifera macrocarpa Blume Thailand17 Bouea macrophylla Griff * Java, Indonesia18 Anacardium ocidentale Lin* * Accession number in NCBI: AY462008.1 = outgroup* = outgroup which taken from NCBI236
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Page 186 and 187: Variations in acidity of the variet
Page 188: grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
Page 191 and 192: Flow cytometry has proved to be an
Page 193 and 194: cell nuclei, using chromosome count
Page 195 and 196: Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
Page 197 and 198: Interpretation of the results conce
Page 199 and 200: Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
Page 201 and 202: Dry matter (determinate refractomet
Page 203 and 204: was evaluated by using a large-size
Page 206 and 207: Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
Page 208 and 209: During the growing season have been
Page 212 and 213: Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
Page 218: REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
Page 221 and 222: Taking into the account these and t
Page 223 and 224: postharvest decays in fruits and ve
Page 225 and 226: manure semifermentated. In vegetati
Page 227 and 228: Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
Page 229 and 230: temperature required for a differen
Page 231 and 232: MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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Page 235: quantities of sugar accumulated in
Page 239 and 240: Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
Page 241 and 242: productionand uses. Center for trop
Page 243 and 244: analysis of variance to express the
Page 245 and 246: highlighted by a correlation coeffi
Page 247 and 248: without heat and in open field. Cro
Page 249 and 250: ut the fruit had a reduced number o
Page 251 and 252: Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. The main characteristics o
Page 258 and 259: Data were subjected to statistical
Page 260 and 261: Also, the dry biomass and root leng
Page 264 and 265: “Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
Page 266: 2012 the order was “Conference”
Page 269 and 270: microspore to mature pollen, determ
Page 271 and 272: microspores at certain date. Micros
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Page 275 and 276: The objective of this paper, is to
Page 277 and 278: Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Page 284: ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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