Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653STUDY OF APPLYING DIFFERENT TREATMENTS ON CUTALSTROEMERIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SHELF LIFESzidónia KOSZEGHI, Endre KENTELKYSapientia University Department of Horticulture, 1/C, Calea Sighisoarei, 540485, Târgu Mures,RomaniaAbstractCorresponding author email: szidoo@yahoo.comThe importance of cut flowers and flower arrangements vary according to the standard of living. If the standardincreases, the demand for beautiful, more expensive flower arrangements grows as well. At low standard of living, thecostumers give up on, or reduce the acquisition of flowers considered, in this particular case, a luxury. Thus it isessential to know how long the flower can be a decoration, for how many days it stays fresh and beautiful, because ittakes time to get the flowers from the grower to the shops and in our vase, which shortens their lifespan considerably.Another important aspect is the way in which we handle the flowers wilted during transportation and not recoveredeven after putting them into fresh water. What does salt, sugar or grandma’s copper penny have to do with?Objectives: The purpose of my thesis is the prolongation of the lifespan of the cut Alstroemeria. During our experimentwe’ll analyze the effect of some Hungarian and Dutch floral preservatives on the Alstroemeria. The results will then becompared while monitoring the life processes of the flowers in question.Key words: cut flowers, Alstroemeria, vase life, Bioplant, Chrysal, Oasis.INTRODUCTIONIt is vital to consider the prolongation of thelife of cut flowers when harvesting,transporting, storing, handling them in theflower shop, during work with flowerarrangements or even putting them in a vase inour home. For the prolongation of its vase life,it is essential to know the life conditions andthe life process relevant to the plant. Inorganicnutrients, water, light, air – carbon-dioxide andoxygen in particular – and the right temperatureare absolutely essential to the growth anddevelopment of the plant.The organic materials thus produced during thetransformation – assimilation-in the leaf, arepartly used for the plant structure, another partis dissolved during breathing and internalenergy producing, then eliminated (as water,oxygen, carbon-dioxide, ethylene, etc.), orstored. From our point of view the storedorganic materials are the most important(Szabó and Hegyi, 2005).As soon as the cut flower runs out of one of thetwo substances it starts to fade immediately.First the water is consumed. If put in water intime the flower uses its sugar supplies in orderto live (Schmidt, 2001).333We can assure the undisturbed life process ofthe cut flower by means of floral preservativesand salts (Klincsek, 1990).Basically any preservative should have thefollowing ingredients: nutrients (proteins,mainly simple sugars),disinfectants againstmicro-organisms, growth regulator substances,surface tension reducing substances (increaseswater absorption) (Schmidt, 2001).Lack of hygiene causes development of microorganismsleading to water turbidity and badsmell (The Beauty of Chrysal, 2009).MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experiment took place at the UniversitySapientia, the Faculty of Technical and HumanSciences in Târgu Mures in the laboratory ofornamental plants.Altroemeria aurantiaca „Virginia” was cut on30 th October 2011 and arrived from theNetherlands on November 4. Following thepreparation of the solution and the cut, we put10 threads in each vase. They faded onNovember 22, so the experiment lasted 19days.During the experiment we used three of thebest known solutions used for conservation,
control water and a solution developed by ownrecipes (sucrose and chlorine). The differentsolutions in the vases were carefully labeled.Floral preservatives used in the experiment:- Chrysal Clear Rosa-Dutch liquid product,- Chrysal Clear Lilium & Alstroemeria-Dutchgranular product,- Floralife Fresh Oasis-Dutch granularproduct-contains 94% sugar (dextrose),3,8% citric acid, 1,7% of different salts and0,5% preservation solution,- Bioplant-Hungarian product in granularform containing mineral salts anddisinfectant agents against decay.Content of the other two vases:- Sapientia-own recipe containing 50 ml ofchloride and 30 g of sugar- Control-tap water.The equipment used.1. Phyto-monitoring (PhyTech) system is amodern observation tool which recorded thefollowing data throughout the experiment: airhumidity (%) – Inp9 – RHS-2, airtemperature (C°) – Inp8 – AT1, temperature ofthe water in the vase (C°) – Inp7 – ST-22.We chose a leaf from each vase, put a plasticsensor on them for 9 minutes/day which helpedus measure the temperature of the leaf, so werecieved data in every 3 minutes for each givensolution. (C°) – Inp1 – LT1.We used the same procedure for measuring thequantity of water flowing through the strain:using a device attached to the strain wemeasured this quantity (units) Inp12 – SF-5.2. Digital caliper (Mitutoyo). Diametermeasurement was carried out daily with adigital caliper (Mitutoyo) taking into accountthe influence of preservatives (in mm) onblooming. In case of the hydrangea we choseone flower from each vase and measured 3flowers every day. From the Alstroemeria wemeasured one thread from each vase with allthe flowers on it (5 paces).3. Hansatech Fluorescence Monitoring System.Currently this is one of the most modernprocedures for real time monitoring which doesnot affect or destroy the plant; the procedurecan be applied on the plant in its naturalenvironment with a test-retest reliability withina short period of time and high sensitivitychanges in photosynthesis.334The method shows high sensitivity tofunctional changes of the photosynthetic deviceas well as how and where the different physicaland chemical factors act (Fodorpataki, 2010).We selected a leaf from each vase, applied theclips and allowed them to stay in dark for 15minutes. Meanwhile the process ofphotosynthesis in the selected samples stopped,they had become dark-adapted. After applyingthe measuring device on the clips we read thedata on the display.F o – minimal level of fluorescenceF m – temporary maximum fluorescenceF v /F m – maximum or potential quantumperformanceF s – steady state chloro-fluorescenceF m ’ – modulated maximum fluorescencePS II – actual or effective quantum performance4. GTH 2 device. These parameters weremeasured twice a day: in the morning at thebeginning of the program and in the afternoonat to end of it. We used the GTH 2 device,which makes it possible to measure the threeparameters simultaneously.5. Ciras 2 – Measuring stomatal conductance.Ciras 2 is a system which measures leaf gasexchange, evaporation (E) and stomatalconductance (GS).Evaporation is a phase transition from liquid togas (water vapors) usually occurring on thesurface. In case of the living organisms thisphenomenon is called evaporation, transpiration.A gas analyzer consists of a digitalmonitoring unit and a unit of measurement. Themost important part of the unit of measurementis a particle which can be sealed and measuresthe evaporation on the leaf surface. This part ofthe analyzer contains sensors which measuretemperature, humidity inside as well as photonflux density on the leaf surface (light intensity).So we chose an adequate leaf from each vase,placed the particle sensors on the leaf and readthe data on the display after the values werestabilized: E (Transpiration Rate) refers toevaporation, GS refers to stomata conductance(Fodorpataki, 2010).6. Video camera. Using the Sony Steady ShotCamera DCR VX 2000 PAL we could recorddaily, hour by hour the changes occurring inalstroemeria the data being processed later. Thevideo camera is an important part of the
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
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Fructification - Florin Constantin
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Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
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processes become even slower and th
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- usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
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To organoleptic analysis of the win
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works were pickling the cucumbers i
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days after removal of weeds by burn
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it appears that the culture has gro
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Maintainance of the genetic structu
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Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
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Experimental scheme is situated in
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improvement especially laboratory s
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Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
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Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
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Experience consisted of the followi
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Table 7. Total production on plantV
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vineyard, several methods were used
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Table 4. Structure and number and r
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gets serious role through the ferme
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Table 3. Element content of the ber
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Figure 4. The length of internodes
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The process of fruit forming was de
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Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
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Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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and total number of tubers per plan
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and quality of organic potatoes for
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Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
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Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
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Analyzing the dynamics of the total
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Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
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Table 3. The Influence of the level
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Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
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Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
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Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Page 282 and 283: Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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Page 293 and 294: Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Page 298 and 299: Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
Page 302 and 303: Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
Page 306 and 307: Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
Page 308: espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
Page 311 and 312: observations made on the plants of
Page 313 and 314: The values of pH diminished in all
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5. Content of total soluble
Page 317 and 318: Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Page 321 and 322: Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Page 329 and 330: MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
Page 331 and 332: Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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Page 341 and 342: solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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Page 348 and 349: MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
Page 350: conclude the presented case, with k
Page 353 and 354: Also, comparative studies, concerni
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Page 361 and 362: Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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Page 367 and 368: Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
Page 369 and 370: Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
Page 371 and 372: REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
Page 373 and 374: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Page 377 and 378: In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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