Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

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Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVII, 2013Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS ON BERRY SKINB, CU, FE, MN AND ZN CONTENTS OF ’CSERSZEGI FSZERES’CULTIVARIstván FEKETE 1 , Béla KOVÁCS 1 , Dávid ANDRÁSI 1 , Éva BÓDI 1 , Nándor RAKONCZÁS 2Abstract1 Institute of Food Science, Quality Assurance and Microbiology, Centre for Agricultural andApplied Economic Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138., 4032,Debrecen, Hungary2 Institute of Horticulture, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences,University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138., 4032, Debrecen, HungaryCorresponding author email: feketei@agr.unideb.huThe selection of the most appropriate grape rootstock regarding the production purposes has a positive effect on qualityof the grape, the must and the wine: it may produce higher vintage quantity and may increase the vintage quality. Fieldexperiment was set up at the model farm of University of Debrecen on sand soil. 12 different grape rootstocks werecompared (’Aramon x Riparia 143B M et de G’, ’Vitis Berlandieri’, ’Berlandieri x Riparia Szilágyi 157 Pécs’,’Berlandieri x Riparia S.O.4’,’Berlandieri x Riparia T5C Eger’, ’Berlandieri x Riparia T.G. 5.A.5.’,’Berlandieri xRiparia T.8.B.’,’Berlandieri x Riparia T.K. 5.BB’,’Berlandieri x Riparia K.125AA’,’Riparia Sauvage’, ’Riparia Selecta’,’Riparia Tomentosa’). ‘Cserszegi fszeres’ scion was grafted into the above rootstocks. The aim of our research was todetermine how the B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents of the berry skins change in case of the different grape rootstocks. In2011 we obtained valuable differences in the boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc concentrations of skins of‘Cserszegi fszeres’ grafted into different rootstocks. The concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn changed between18.0-32.0 mg kg -1 , between 1.27-4.77 mg kg -1 , between 11.5-45.0 mg kg -1 , between 3.78-14.0 mg kg -1 , and between 2.14-8.53 mg kg -1 , respectively. On the basis of our results the ‘Riparia Sauvage’ could be an advantageous rootstock, as thelargest boron, iron and manganese concentrations were found in its skin. Advantageous rootstocks could be the’Berlandieri x Riparia Szilágyi 157 Pécs’ because of the largest measured copper content and the ‘Vitis Berlandieri’ dueto the largest measured zinc content. These results support that the selection of the rootstocks influence the B, Cu, Fe,Mn and Zn contents of the grape berry.Key words: grape rootstock, berry skin, micro element, ’Cserszegi fszeres’.INTRODUCTIONGrape rootstocks are present in the grapeproduction since the devastation of thephylloxera. Because it is vital to be acquaintedwith characteristics of different rootstocks tochoose the variety most appropriate to givencircumstances, these characteristics werebroadly inspected by many researchers.Choosing the ideal rootstock-scion cultivarcombination at establishment of the vineyardhas a determining effect for its whole lifetime.Crucial evaluative characteristics of rootstockcultivars are the following: soil requirement,mineral nutrition, resistant to loam- and saltcontent, affinity and vegetative cycle (Angeli etal., 1959). Most often utilised grape species inennobling of rootstock cultivars are ’VitisRiparia Scheel.’, ’Vitis Rupestris Mich.’, ’Vitis55Berlandieri Plan.’ and ’Vitis vinifera L.’. Thefirst three varieties are of North-Americanorigin. ’Vitis Riparia Scheel.’ comes from rivervalleys of the east coast, ’Vitis Rupestris Mich.’origins from south-west part of the east coast,while ’Vitis Berlandieri Plan.’ can be find onrocky territories of Texas state. Distinctivecharacteristics of these species result frommany thousand years’ evolution (Kocsis, 2010).In ennobling of rootstock cultivars some other,mainly North-American grape species werealso used (Galet, 1998). However, there are 19listed rootstock varieties in the HungarianNational Variety Registry Catalogue, only afew is propagated for commercial use (Lrinczand Zanathy, 2009). In some other countriespossibilities of different rootstock-scion varietycombinations corresponding to specific
territorial circumstances is more elaborated,spectrum of used rootstock varieties is broader.The cultivated vine plant is called vine stock(Balogh, 1991). Vine stocks are propagated onvegetative way by cuttings or grafted cuttings(Prohászka, 2003). Parts differentiating fromthe cane in the soil form the rooting system,parts forming above ground give the trunk andshoot system of the stock (Kozma, 1993a). Incase of propagation by grafts, the root system isformed by the rootstock cultivar (Americangrape species), and the shoot system growth upfrom the scion (‘Vitis vinifera L.’) (Prohászka,1982). Mineral nutrients are taken up by theroot hairs from the soil. These nutrients get intothe leaves and bunches through the root system,trunk, canes and shoots (Prohászka, 1982;Kozma, 1993a). Certain nutrients can also betaken up through the leaves in smallerquantities (Kozma, 1993a). Through thelifetime of the graft, scion and rootstock partslive together in mutual service. The rootstocktakes up mineral nutrients dissolved in water,the scion fruits and feeds the rootstock withphotosynthates (Kocsis, 2010).Rootstock has direct and indirect effects on thescion (Striegler and Howel, 1991; Csikászné,2008). Hegeds and I’só (1965) demonstrated,that different scion cultivars show their bestperformance on different rootstocks, whichdifferently affect nutrition of scions grafted onthem (Lrincz and Bényei, 1999). Mineralnutrition pattern characteristic for own rootedvine alter in case of grafts (Kozma, 1993b).Quantity and composition of nutrients going tothe direction of the scion is predominantlydetermined by the selection ability/characteristics of the root system (Kozma,1993b).Different rootstocks can be characterized bydifferent root formation. Magnitude, verticaland horizontal extension of the root system isalso an important factor of mineral take up(Vercesi, 1987). Certain rootstock cultivarsform smaller (’Berlandieri x Riparia TK5BB’)others form medium sized (’Aramon xRupestris G 1’) root system. ’Riparia Portalis’can be characterised by a deeper, while’Berlandieri x Riparia S.O.4’ can becharacterised by a shallow root system(Vanekova, 1995).56Effects of rootstocks do not confine forimpinge on mineral take up but also ondistribution of nutrients (Mannini et al. 1992).Withstanding that Kocsis (2010) couldexperimentally prove that scion cultivars showdifferent results when grafted on variousrootstocks concerning mineral take up, in fieldcircumstances: effects of production site andecological factors, affect the modifying powerof rootstocks to a great extent, or evenminimizes it (Csikászné, 2008).Minerals taken up are predominantly locatedinto the solid parts of the bunch: in the skin,seed and cellulose-pectinic cell walls of theflesh. The skin of the berry consists of theepiderma and some cell layers beneath(Ferenczi, 1966). Alkalinity of the of the berryregularly increase 2-3 times by the ripening;however only a more intensive relative increaseis characteristic for the skin (Kállay, 1998).The most important microelements of theberries are B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn (Kállay,1998). Most important role of iron is formationof chlorophyll (Prohászka, 1982). The leastiron can be find in the seeds regarding theberries (Kozma, 1993a). Boron has crucial rolein evolution of floral fertility, in amount andquality of the yield, but even a slight overdoseof this element can have toxic effects (Bényeiand Lrincz, 1999; Oláh, 1979). Ruckenbauer(1987) found, that boron uptake of the vine isthe biggest in the berries in case of 10 tons/hayield. Experiments of Candolfi-Vasconcelos etal. (1997) state, that grafts are more effective inboron uptake than own rooted vines.Manganese is a mediator in the synthesis ofcarbohydrates and proteins, since it activatesmany enzymes (such as polyphenol-oxidase,ascorbic acid-oxidase). Zinc plays its mostcritical role in catalysing synthesis oftryptophan (Kozma, 1993a). Copper is one ofthe most important growth factors of the vineplant. One of its important roles is supportingof carbohydrate and protein synthesis (Kozma1993a; Kállay, 2010).Microelement content of the grape skin canalso be interesting from the point of macerationtechnology at processing white aromatic grapecultivars, since by this way a certain amount ofmicroelement of the skin dissolves into themust increasing its alkalinity (Kállay, 2010).Microelement content of the must further on
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES B. HORTICUL
Page 5 and 6: SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Bekir Erol AK
Page 7: Fructification - Florin Constantin
Page 10: Phenological Studies on Some Variet
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Page 17 and 18: Table 2. The organoleptic appreciat
Page 19 and 20: processes become even slower and th
Page 21 and 22: - usingselectedbacteriafromm Leucon
Page 23 and 24: To organoleptic analysis of the win
Page 25 and 26: works were pickling the cucumbers i
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Page 30 and 31: days after removal of weeds by burn
Page 32: it appears that the culture has gro
Page 35 and 36: Maintainance of the genetic structu
Page 37 and 38: Table 3. Interaction variety of dwa
Page 39 and 40: Experimental scheme is situated in
Page 41 and 42: improvement especially laboratory s
Page 43 and 44: Table 1 shows the type 2x3x2 trifac
Page 45 and 46: Neamtu G., Gheorghe Campeanu, Carme
Page 47 and 48: Experience consisted of the followi
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Total production on plantV
Page 51 and 52: vineyard, several methods were used
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. Structure and number and r
Page 58 and 59: gets serious role through the ferme
Page 60 and 61: Table 3. Element content of the ber
Page 64 and 65: Figure 4. The length of internodes
Page 68 and 69: The process of fruit forming was de
Page 72 and 73: Compomist F1 hybrid reaches value o
Page 76: Figure 2. Experimental results repr
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Page 81 and 82: and quality of organic potatoes for
Page 83 and 84: Petri dishes, the pathogenic fungi
Page 85 and 86: Variant 4R 2 11.0 4.0 15.0 7.0 22.0
Page 90 and 91: Analyzing the dynamics of the total
Page 92 and 93: Table 2. Indicative data on volumes
Page 96 and 97: Table 3. The Influence of the level
Page 98 and 99: Table 8. The Influence of irrigatio
Page 102 and 103: Figure 1. The aspect of apples from
Page 104: Conclusions on changes in chemicalc
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSRaspberry is
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CONCLUSIONSAs a result of scientifi
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observations were made on phenologi
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Figure 1. Flowering period and blac
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Scientific Papers. Series B, Hortic
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content, A-acidity content) to the
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sugar accumulated in grapes and 1,0
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Figure 2. DryerFigure 3. Programmer
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Appearance of the apricots after 5
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where: P F represent the coordinate
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Table 2. The production obtained at
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As shown in figures 5 and 6 the vit
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At two weeks from planting it was a
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If we take into account the both fa
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F1 - + infectedF2 - + infectedF3 +
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HORTICULTURALBIODIVERSITY ANDGENETI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFruit charac
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The chorology maps of Artemisia alb
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Figure 5. Chorology of Artemisia le
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Molecular differentiation showed a
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The characterization of the grapevi
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Figure 4. Amino acid profile of the
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Table 4. The significance of differ
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The studied phenophases (table 1),
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REFERENCESCapusan Janina, 2013. Rez
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Neoaliturus fenestratus Herrich-Sch
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occurrence in western part of Roman
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Pop 3 = Population 3 obtained by cr
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well adapted in our country, and th
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Variations in acidity of the variet
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grape. Analele Universitatii din Cr
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Flow cytometry has proved to be an
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cell nuclei, using chromosome count
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Figure 1. Prekos F1Figure 4. Prekos
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Interpretation of the results conce
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Photo 1- Redhaven (Control)The Roma
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Dry matter (determinate refractomet
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was evaluated by using a large-size
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During the growing season have been
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Likewise, vitamin C content of ‘G
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Figure 2. Air temperature (°C) in
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REFERENCESAnconelli S., Antolini G.
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Taking into the account these and t
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postharvest decays in fruits and ve
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manure semifermentated. In vegetati
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Figure 1. Prima Cl. 1022 varietyThe
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temperature required for a differen
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MATERIALS AND METHODSTo accomplish
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climate (IH4), becomes for this yea
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quantities of sugar accumulated in
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ibosomal to investigate 13 species
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Biogeography of Genus MangiferaTwo
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productionand uses. Center for trop
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analysis of variance to express the
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highlighted by a correlation coeffi
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without heat and in open field. Cro
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ut the fruit had a reduced number o
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Genetic autochthonous heritage wasi
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Table 1. The main characteristics o
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Data were subjected to statistical
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Also, the dry biomass and root leng
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“Clapp’s Favorite” in 2011 wh
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2012 the order was “Conference”
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microspore to mature pollen, determ
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microspores at certain date. Micros
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viin utilizate ca genitori potentia
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The objective of this paper, is to
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Table 1. Relationship between germi
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Figure 2. Tassels lengthIn case of
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ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,DESIGN ANDLANDSCA
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of Chisinau, also the old parks. Fo
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y cambium on the very center - meth
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flower is fully colored. Postharves
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Results from table 8 shows that Mar
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Pinus sylvestris ‘Gold Coin’, R
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Figure 4. Excelsa (H 18/1)Descripti
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Figure 1. Plants in cellular trays
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espectively 69%, followed by hybrid
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observations made on the plants of
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The values of pH diminished in all
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Figure 5. Content of total soluble
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Figure 1. Plan of Bran domain (Ion
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Carol the second, her brother, on h
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Figure 14. Tea house in the natural
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Cults, and in conformity with the c
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consult the scientific novelties an
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,,The restoration is the methodolog
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MATERIALS AND METHODSThe chorology
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Merce, 2011; Zamfirescu, 2010) (IAS
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experiment because it shows and ill
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among all the administrations, exce
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solution known as AKN. Content: pot
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As shown in the figure, Chrysal is
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MotivationsOfferprospectingCustomer
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conclude the presented case, with k
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Also, comparative studies, concerni
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done before. Also the speed of the
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as Marcellus theatre or Trajan foru
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ian regime, by huge contradictions
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Pyongyang, the hidden cityThe capit
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“ordinary” buildings as the gen
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- The Writer’s Rotunda“The cons
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Figure 4. Vegetation planRegarding
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Figure 9. BenchesVasesThere are 4 k
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REFERENCESPanoiu A., 2011, Evolutia
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSResults of t
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Figure 5. Average growth rate of
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In 2012 there were higher onset tem
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fact that root injuries is the majo
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We recommend that the species and c
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and parameters of quality. The phys
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AESTHETICALLEVEL OFAPPROACHLEVEL OF
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REFERENCESArchibugi F., 1997. The E
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Figure 1. Optimized version of comp
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CONCLUSIONSThe optimized version (F
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etween 182-212 g/l, the lowest valu
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CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this pur
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according to quality class.The calc
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third party countries who wish to b
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Stakeholder comments concerned nota
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Figure 2. The „Eco-leaf” logo o
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identified to facilitate its tracea
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- Analysis reports;This document ma
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Table 1. Sampling procedures applic
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Table 2. Example of sampling proced
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should be 5 kg.” According to thi
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One of the first and simplest condi
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of RIN transcription factor in ethy
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oriented towards the centre of the
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Figure 5. Macroscopic view of the c
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Related to the process of the evolu
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efore it is printed using the main
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Imposition of the pot is done every
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Figure 8. Test of Strength Vetiver
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Table 3 defines LSD test for genoty
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