Scientific Papers Series B Horticulture

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFor this purpose, the production results refer tothe average production per hectare in the fourvarieties, out of which two (Redix and Ariwa)are genetically resistant to scab and powderymildew, while the others are considered thestandard for the winter – stored varieties.The fruit quality classification was based on thestandard diameter: 66 mm – Extra quality, 60mm – first quality, 55 mm – second quality; thefruit has fallen prematurely from the treesimproper for consumption were used fordistillation. The prices of the area in 2001 weredifferent, according to quality class: 1,8 Lei/kg– Extra quality; 1,5Lei/kg – first quality;1,1Lei/kg second quality; 0,4 Lei/kg forindustrial processing. For the gross selling, theprice in the area was 1 Leu/kg. Table 1 presentsthe production results obtained and the incomefrom the two commercialisation methods.The average production per hectare and itsstructure according to quality classes weredifferent from one variety to another, accordingto the variety potential and the weatherconditions of the year.The production selling according to qualityclasses may result in an income increasevarying according to variety from 2850 Lei/hato 5066 Lei/ha, which corresponds to anincrease of 21,9%-41,3%, compared with theretail commercialisation. The share of thevarious quality classes in the variety structureindicates that the first and second quality classfruit exceed the Extra quality and industrialprocessing fruit.The production expenses were higher in theJonathan and Golden Delicious varieties,compared with the Redix and Ariwa, as thelatter recorded less expense for phytosanitaryprotection due to their genetic resistance toscab and powdery mildew (Table 2).Moreover, when production is aimed atcommercialisation according to quality class,the production unit cost increases by 0,2 lei/kgas a result of fruit classification.The profit was calculated as difference betweenthe selling income and the total expenses, andvaried from one variety to another. Theanalysis of the profit obtained from the twocommercialisation methods pointed out to thefollowing:-the producer would be more economicallyadvantaged if selling occurred according toquality criteria;-the additional profit per hectare might varybetween 272 lei (Jonathan) and 2766 lei(Redix), which means an increase in the profitof 6,2-43,5%, compared with the gross selling;-the additional profits per hectare were almostfrom 4-7 times higher in the genetically –resistant varieties, compared with the standardones (Jonathan, Golden, etc).VarietyJonathanGoldendeliciousRedixTable 1. Production and income obtained from gross and quality – class apple sellingAverageproductiont/haProductionIncome fromSelling incomeIncome fromaccording to quality Price valorisation accordingdifference according togross valorizationLei/haclass Lei/t to quality classquality class tons % Lei % Lei %E 1,80 13,1 1800 3240 19,413700 +3012 +21,9I 5,12 37,4 1500 7680 45,9 13,7II 4,40 32,1 1100 4840 29,0Ind 2,38 17,4 400 952 5,7Total 13,70 100 (1220) 16712 100+22,6E 2,20 17,5 1800 3960 25,612,6I 3,80 30,1 1500 5700 12600 +2850 36,9II 4,50 35,7 1100 4950 32,0Ind 2,1 16,7 400 840 5,5Total 12,6 100 (1226) 15450 100+44,0E 2,90 25,2 1800 5220 31,5I 5,45 47,4 1500 8175 11500 +5066 49,3 11,5II 2,73 23,7 1100 3003 18,1Ind 0,42 3,7 400 168 1,1Total 11,5 100 (1441) 16566 100 10600 +4382 +41,3400